Characteristics And Diversity Of Plant And Fungi Resources In Greater Khingan Mountains And Lesser Khingan Mountains

State-owned forests in Northeast China account for nearly one-third of the country's total,most of which distributed in Greater Khingan Mountains and Lesser Khingan Mountains.In this paper,1058 sample plots in Greater Khingan Mountains and Lesser Khingan Mountains areas were selected to investigate plant resources and macrofungi resources.Among them,the macrofungi was mainly investigated in Liangshui Nature Reserve and Huzhong Nature Reserve.This study analyzed the species composition,community structure and species diversity characteristics of the plant and macrofungi resources in the two places,and performed a redundant ranking of their complex relationships.The regional and historical differences of plant resources and macrofungi resources in Greater Khingan Mountains and Lesser Khingan Mountains were compared overall.The results showed that:1.The family and genus composition of dominant species in Greater Khingan Mountains and Lesser Khingan Mountains were similar,and the main difference was that the composition of dominant species was different.The top five dominant species in the tree layer of Greater Khingan Mountains were Larix gmelini,Betula platyphylla,Populus davidiana,Quercus mongolica,and Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica.The shrub layer were Vaccinium vitis-idaea,Rhododendron dauricum,Corylus heterophylla,Spiraea media,and Ledum palustre.The herb layer were Deyeuxia purpurea,Carex callitrichos,Sanguisorba officinalis,Fragaria orientalis,and Pyrola rotundifolia.The top five dominant tree species in Lesser Khingan Mountains were Larix gmelini,Betula platyphylla,Populus davidiana,Quercus mongolica,and Pinus koraiensis.The shrubs were Corylus mandshurica,Corylus heterophylla,Spiraea salicifolia,and Rosa davurica.The herb layer were Deyeuxia purpurea,Carex dispalata,Caldesia parnassifolia,Filipendula palmate,and Equisetum sylvaticum.2.The main species are Cortinarius tenuipes,Xeromphalina campane,Cortinarius croceofol,Coriolus hirsutus,and Xerocomus badius in Greater Khingan Mountains.The main species are Fomes fomentarius,Collybia acervata,Coriolus versicolor,Phellinus igniarius,and Mycena pura in Lesser Khingan Mountains.Generally,the species diversity of macrofungi in Greater Khingan Mountains is smaller than that of Lesser Khingan Mountains.From the perspective of the functional types of macrofungi,the highest proportion of the two regions is edible fungi,which is about twice that of other groups.According to the statistics of habitat types,forestland fungi is the majority in Greater Khingan Mountains,and macrofungi with vigorous woods in Lesser Khingan Mountains is the majority.3.The forest density is smaller in Greater Khingan Mountains and is high in the Lesser Khingan Mountains(the density of trees is 27.78% higher than that of Lesser Khingan Mountains.The density of shrubs is 7.19 times higher,and the coverage of herbs is 1.14 times higher),but there are more small trees(tree height,diameter at breast height reduced by 7.99%-24.17%)),small shrubs(shrub height,shrub coverage reduced by 58.17%-59.61%),and shorter herbs(herb height reduction by 44.74%).The average heights of trees in Greater Khingan Mountains and Lesser Khingan Mountains are 9.56 m and 10.39 m,respectively,the average DBH is 10.98 cm and 14.48 cm,the average height of shrubs is 0.64 m and 1.53 m,and the average height of herbage is 0.21 m and 0.38 m,respectively.4.The species diversity of trees and shrubs in Greater Khingan Mountains is smaller than that of the Lesser Khingan Mountains,but the species diversity of the herb layer is smaller and higher than that of the Lesser Khingan Mountains.Specifically,the species distribution of trees and shrubs in the Greater Khingan Mountains is uneven and the species is relatively single(compared to the Lesser Khingan Mountains,the abundance is 9%-74% lower,and the uniformity is 7%-67% lower).The herb distribution is more even(Compared with Lesser Khingan Mountains,the uniformity is 18% higher)but less species than Lesser Khingan Mountains(compared to Lesser Khingan Mountains,its richness is 31% lower).5.The main explanatory factor for the change of plant diversity in Greater Khingan Mountains and Lesser Khingan Mountains is herb coverage,followed by shrubs and herbaceous dominant species.Unlike plant diversity,the difference in fungal diversity characteristics is mainly affected by the structure of the forest(arbors,shrubs)and key species.The factors affecting the diversity of macrofungi in the two regions are different in Greater Khingan Mountains(tree density and shrub height,Vaccinium vitis-idaea and Larix gmelini abundance)and Lesser Khingan Mountains(tree size,tree diversity).In summary,this study found that there were large spatial and historical differences between Greater Khingan Mountains and Lesser Khingan Mountains in terms of plant,macrofungi composition,forest structure and their complex relationships.The above results provided a new basis for the fine management and protection of forest resources in Northeast China.