Study On Bird Diversity And Seasonal Dynamics In Anhui Tongcheng Xizi Lake National Wetland Park

Bird community is an organic complex that coexists through various interactions in a particular area or habitat,and has different characteristics in different habitats.Therefore,the characteristics of bird community can reflect the habitat quality of different functional areas in the wetland park.Apart from the Alpha diversity of bird community,the turnover and nestedness components of Beta diversity can be a measurement of the significance of species conservation of different functional areas.In this paper,the bird community was surveyed in Anhui Tongcheng Xizi Lake National Wetland Park from January to December 2019.Based on the surveyed data,Alpha and Beta diversity and their seasonal dynamic among different functional areas were analyzed,in order to provide the basis for the protection and management of the wetland park and its bird resources.The main research results are as follows:1.A total of 133 bird species were found in the wetland park,migratory birds were the main component and waterbirds account for an important proportion in the bird community.The recorded birds included 54 species waterbirds and 79 species terrestrial birds,belonging to13 orders and 46 families.A total of 82 species of migratory bird species were found,accounting for 61.65% of the total birds,and 51 resident species accounting for 38.35%.The dominant species of waterbirds in the park are Anser fabalis,Anas poecilorhyncha,Calidris alpha,Phalacrocorax carbo and Vanellus vanellus;The dominant species of terrestrial birds are Passer monanus,Garrulax perspicillatus,Sturnus cineraceus,Sturnus sericeus and Pycnonotus sinensis.Two species of birds,Ciconia boyciana and Grus monachal are national first level key protected animals;twelve species are national second level key protected animals,and twentynine species of birds are provincial key protected animals.Three near-threatened species,three vulnerable species and one endangered species on the IUCN Red List of Species.2.There were significant seasonal differences in bird community diversity in the wetland park.The seasonal dynamics of waterbirds and terrestrial birds are not consistent,and contributions to bird diversity in the same season are also different.The seasonal variation showed that the number of waterbird species was highest in autumn(40 species)and lowest in summer(18 species);the individual number of waterbirds was highest in winter,followed by autumn,spring and summer.The annual diversity was spring > summer > autumn > winter,and the Pielou index(0.50)was lowest in winter.The number of terrestrial bird species was highest in spring(56 species)and lowest in winter(39 species);the individual number of terrestrial birds was highest in autumn,followed by spring,summer and winter.The annual diversity was summer > spring > autumn > winter,and the Pielou index(0.66)was lowest in winter.3.The Alpha diversity of bird community and its distribution in each functional area showed that the bird community structure in the wetland conservation area was the most stable.Although the individual number of waterbirds in the restoration area was large,the evenness degree was low.In the wetland conservation area,the diversity index of waterbirds(2.33)and terrestrial birds(3.10)were both the highest,indicating that the bird community structure was the most stable.More national key protected birds occurred in this area,while the individual number was small,only distributed in the southwest of the wetland conservation area and north of the secondary entrance of the park.In the restoration area,the number of bird species and national key protected birds was second only to the wetland conservation area.Although the individual number of waterbirds was large,the evenness degree was low.The individual number of Anser fabalis,Calidris alpha occupied a large proportion,which indicated that the restoration project was begun to be effective while the availability of suitable habitats in the region was still relatively simple and disproportion.The tourist open area and the reasonable utilization area had a single habitat type,and due to the factors such as area limitations and human interferences,the overall bird diversity was low,and the national key protected birds were rarely distributed.4.The bird community similarity and Beta diversity among different functional areas indicated that the restoration areas and the wetland conservation areas had same conservation status.The similarity index according to the number of bird species in different seasons in different functional areas of the wetland park is basically consistent with the results of cluster analysis based on euclidean distance.The restoration area and wetland conservation area gathered for a clade in spring and summer,the reasonable utilization area and wetland conservation area gathered for a clade in autumn and winter,the similarity with tourist open area was the worst.The turnover of Beta diversity between wetland conservation area and restoration area was higher than nestedness,the nestedness between other functional areas was higher than turnover.At the same time,the nestedness of tourist open area and other functional areas were obviously higher than the turnover.