| From February 2019 to January 2020,in this paper,the bird resources of Fenhe survey area,which is 45 km in length and among the Fenhe urban section of Taiyuan,were comprehensively investigated by using variable-distance line-transect method.At the present,we have mastered the current situation of bird resources and the temporal and spatial variation in Taiyuan wetland.Combined with the existing practical problems of the constructed park section and the newly constructed park section,it provided more reasonable suggestions for the comprehensive plant configuration and the ecological floating island construction of the uncompleted Fenhe section.At the same time,this article compared the data of this survey with the survey data from other researchers in previous years,which evaluate the impact of global warming on bird migration.The results of this survey are as follows:1.A total of 154 species were recorded in Fenhe,which belong to 19 orders and 45 families.Among the birds,9 species belong to the protected birds of Shanxi Province,4 species are listed as national first-grade protected wildlife in China,and 16 species are listed as national second-grade protected wildlife in China.The results showed that the survey area belongs to the Palaearctic region in North China Loess Plateau subregion.2.Among the survey area,74 species belong to Passeriformes,and 80 species belong to Nonpasseriformes.Nonpasseriformes birds were mainly in the form of waterfowl species(53 species),reflecting the typical characteristics of wetlands.Among them,There are 18 species of breeding waterfowl.The ecological floating islands,distributing along the 3#line-transect in the park,have the characteristics of less human interference,linear shape and mature artificial forest,which was the main distribution site of waterfowl breeding with tree crown as nesting site.The C# line-transect had the largest area of reeds and the largest number of reeds patches,whichwas the main distribution site of waterfowl breeding with reed meadow as nesting site.It is hoped that this research result can provide reasonable suggestions for constructing ecological floating island in the uncompleted Fenhe section.3.The residence type of birds was mainly for traveling birds and resident birds,less winter migrate birds,summer migrant birds and stragglers birds.The fluctuation of resident birds was relatively stable throughout the whole year,and the residence period of summer migrant birds was roughly from May to September.The resident period of winter migrant birds was mainly concentrated from November to April of the following year.The migration time of traveling birds was mainly in May and October.The migration of migrant birds and traveling birds and the gathering behavior of birds in winter lead to seasonal dynamic changes in bird species and numbers.4.Among the six typical habitat types of wetland,plantation,shrub,grass,farmland,and artificial construction area,the species and quantity of birds in wetland were the highest,and the species and quantity of birds in artificial area were the lowest.The analysis of Shannon-wiener index and Pielou index of bird community showed that the diversity index and evenness index of wetland birds were the highest,while the diversity index and evenness index of farmland were the lowest.Therefore,the protection of wetland was of great value for improving bird diversity.5.In the survey area,the Fenhe section with different artificial degree,from the highest to the lowest,was divided into the sections of the newly constructed park section,the constructed park section and the uncompleted Fenhe section.Three Fenhe sections with the same length were selected for comparison,and the results showed that the richness of vegetation,from the highest to the lowest,was the constructed park section(163 species),the uncompleted park section(92 species)and the newly constructed park section(65 species).And the species number and population of birds,in descendingorder,was 113 species,24875(the uncompleted Fenhe section),88 species,17374(the constructed park section)and 56 species,6262(the newly constructed park section).The analysis of the Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index of bird communities showed that the diversity index and evenness index of the 3# line-transect of the constructed park section were higher than the C# line-transect of the uncompleted Fenhe section.It maybe caused by the uneven distribution of plant resources in the uncompleted Fenhe section,which leaded to the excessive occupation of ecological niche by a single population and affected the distribution of other populations.It is suggested that the uncompleted Fenhe section can change the status of simple vegetation laminate structure and single dominant species by increasing the configuration of middle layer vegetation and the species of trees and herbaceous vegetation,so as to improve the stability of bird community.6.Among the 187 plants in Fenhe wetland,32 species were closely related to birds,including 17 species of trees,5 species of shrubs,and 10 species of herbs.Among trees,deciduous broad-leaved trees were the preferred habitats of most birds,and Salix matsudana were the most valuable species of deciduous broad-leaved trees to improve bird richness.This preference had a lot to do with the feeding habits,nesting habits of birds.It is suggested that Fenhe should combine the ornamental nature and economic value of plants with the feeding,breeding and nesting habits of birds,and propose optimal distribution of plants suggestions according to the status of plant resources in Fenhe with different artificial degree.7.Birds adapt to the effects of global warming by changing their migration behavior.Compared with waterfowl,birds in terrestrial ecosystems were more vulnerable to the effects of global climate change,especially Passeriformes.The changes in migration behavior are mainly manifested in the longer residence period of bird migrating to the resting place and the tendency of reaching the habitat in advance. |
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