Taxonomy Of Aturidae In Oriental China (Hydrachnidiae,Hygrobatoidea)

Aturidae Thor,1900 belongs to Hygrobatoidea,Hydrachnidiae,Parasitengonina,Anystides,Prostigmata,Acari,Arachnida,Chelicerata,Arthorpoda.As of this study,there are 876 species in 4 subfamilies,97 genera and 48 subgenera in the world,accounting for 14.6% of the total number of water mite species(about 6000 species).And only 6 species in 5 genera and 3 subfamilies have been reported in China,accounting for only 0.7% of the known species in the world,which is far behind the world research level.Therefore,in order to shorten the gap between Chinese and international classification levels and to clarify the zoogeographic faunal characteristcis of the Aturidae in China,this study systematically conducted taxonomic studies and zoogeographic faunal characteristcis analysis of the Aturidae in Oriental China.The main research contents and results are as follows:1?Classification researchIn this paper,more than 280 specimens have been collected from about 15 provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions,such as Zhejiang,Fujian,Jiangxi,Guangdong,Guangxi,Sichuan,Yunnan,Hainan,Hubei,Henan,Chongqing,Anhui,Hunan,Guizhou,etc.And there are 31 species in total in 3 subfamilies,11 genera,4subgenera were identified,including 6 newly recorded genera,2 newly recorded subgenera,24 new species,and 2 newly recorded species to China.Meanwhile,this study also includes more than 300 morphological figures and a key to Chinese known species of Aturidae in the Oriental realm.6 Chinese newly recorded genera: Brachypoda Lebert,1875,Ljania Thor,1898,Brachypodopsis Piersig,1903,Paraxonopsis Motas & Tanasachi,1947,Axonopsalbia Viets,1913,Ocybrachypoda Cook,1974.2 Chinese newly recorded subgenera: Albia Thon,1899,Albiella Lundblad,1971.24 new species: Aturus yunnanensis sp.nov.,Aturus lii sp.nov.,Ljania jini Ao,Yi & Guo,2021,Ljania guangxiensis Ao,Yi & Guo,2021,Woolastookia allobasilicalabrica Ao & Guo,2020,Woolastookia longiridge sp.nov.,Woolastookia quinquaginta sp.nov.,Woolastookia longiseta sp.nov.,Woolastookia sinensis sp.nov.,Ocybrachypoda henanensis sp.nov.,Brachypodopsis flushi sp.nov.,Hexaxonopsis juiceonigra sp.nov.,Hexaxonopsis longohookis sp.nov.,Paraxonopsis sutura Ao & Guo,2021,Axonopsalbia quatopora sp.nov.,Axonopsalbia heteroseta sp.nov.,Axonopsalbia unilaterale sp.nov.,Axonopsalbia multioseta sp.nov.,Axonopsalbia streama sp.nov.,Sinaxonopsis triangles sp.nov.,Sinaxonopsis pennates sp.nov.,Albia wuzhiensis sp.nov.,Albia hainanensis sp.nov.,Albia longa sp.nov.2 Chinese newly recorded species: Brachypoda rubidata Kim & Chung,1996,Albia stationis Thon,1899.2?Analysis of faunal characteristicsIn this study,faunal characteristic analysis of Chinese known 11 genera and 31 species of Aturidae was performed by the statistic of every unitary pattern and accumulating patterns in the fauna,with the world zoogeographic regions of the Oriental,the Palaearctic,the Neoarctic,the Afrotropical,the Neotropical and the Australia relams,and Chinese zoogeographic regions of Southern China,Central China,Southwestern China,Northern China,Northeastern China,Mongolia-Xinjiang and Qinghai-Tibet regions.At generic level: The distribution patterns in the world of the 11 genera of aturid water mites in Oriental China were calculated in 5 patterns.Among them,there was 1genus in the Oriental,accounting for 9.09%;10 genera of the trans-fauna containing the Oriental,accounting for 90.91%,and the total proportion was 100%.Therefore,the 11 genera of aturid water mites in Oriental China is a typical Oriental faunal pattern.The trans-fauna patterns containing the Palaearctic and Neoarctic were both 9genera,accounting for 81.82% respectively,followed by the Afrotropical and Neotropical,which both were 2 genera,accounting for 18.18%,and the Australia Relam had no distribution yet.The results indicated that the 11 genera of aturid water mites in Oriental China had the strongest connection with the Palaearctic and Neoarctic,followed by the Afrotropical and Neotropical,and the weakest with the Australia Relam.In the seven zoogeographical regions of China,there were five patterns of 11 genera in Oriental China.Among them,there were 4 genera belonging to Southern China pattern,accounting for 36.36%,and 5 genera of trans-fauna pattern including Southern China,accounting for 45.45%.The total proportion of the two mentioned above was 81.82%,which indicated that the pattern of 11 genera of aturid water mites in Oriental China belonged to a typical Southern China faunal one.The trans-fauna pattern including the Central China region had 5 genera,accounting for 45.45%,and the pattern including the Southwestern China,Northern China,Northeastern China and Mongolia-Xinjiang regions all had 1 genus,accounting for 9.09% respectively.All above results showed that the 11 genera of aturid water mites were closely related to the Central China,followed by the Southwestern China,Northern China,Northeastern China and Mongolia-Xinjiang regions,and the weakest with the Qinghai-Tibet Region.At specific level: The 31 Aturidae species from the Oriental China were classified into 3 faunal patterns in the 6 zoogeographical realms of the world.Among them,29 species were the Oriental pattern,accounting for 93.55%,and 2 species were trans-fauna including the Oriental,accounting for 6.45%,and accounting for 100% in total.The results showed that the 31 Aturidae species from Oriental China were typical Oriental faunal.However,there were 2 species of the trans-fauna containing the Palaearctic,accounting for 6.45%,followed by 1 species of the trans-fauna containing the Neoarctic,accounting for 3.23%.These results indicated that the 31 species of Aturidae from Oriental China had a relatively stronger association with the Palaearctic,followed by the Neogearctic,and weak association with the Afrotropical and Neotropical and Australia relams.In the 7 zoological geographic regions in China,the distribution patterns of 31 species of aturid water mites in Oriental China were divided into 4 patterns.Among them,the Southern China had the largest number of 17 species,accounting for54.84%;and there was 1 species belonging to the trang-fauna patterns containing Southern China,accounting for 3.23%,and the total of the two above was 58.06%,indicating that the 31 species of aturidae water mites belonged to the typical Southern China faunal pattern.And 1 species belonged to the cross-fauna pattern including the Central China,accounting for 3.23%.The reults showed that the 31 species of aturid water mites in Oriental China were relatively closer to the Central China,followed by the the Southwestern China,and with weak connection with the other regions.