| The Opsiini is a leafhopper tribe of Deltocephalinae(Hemiptera,Cicadellidae).By the end of September 2022,more than 300 species in 41 genera have been recorded in the world,63 species in 15 genera are described in China.This paper focuses on the taxonomic research of the leafhopper tribe Opsiini,and explored the geographical distribution and relationships among genera and species based on phylogenetic tree.The main research results:1.Taxonomy63 species of 15 genera of Opsiini are recorded in China,containing 3 new genera,5 new species and3 new synonym(1 new genera,1 new species,1 new synonym has been published).At the same time,a key list of genera and species of Opsiini was accomplished in China,and some male specimens were photographed,dissected,drawn and described.44 pictures were provided and described.The specimens were deposited in the Institute of Entomology,Guizhou University,Guiyang,China(GUGC).The results are as follows:New genera: Japananoides Cao & Xing,2022;Odontochilus gen.nov.;Paralitura gen.nov.New species: Japananoides circularis Cao & Xing,2022;Odontochilus apiculatus sp.nov.;Odontochilus expansus sp.nov.;Paralitura discedens sp.nov.;Paralitura platycaulis sp.nov.New synonym: Hishimonoides similis Dai,Viraktamath & Zhang,2010 syn.nov.is a junior synonym of Hishimonoides denticulateus Li & Xing,2010;Phlepsopsius liupanshanensis Li,2011 syn.nov.is a junior synonym of Pseudophlepsius binotatus(Signoret,1880);Litura tripunctatus(Li,2011)syn.nov.is a junior synonym of Litura unda Knight,1970.2.Faunal analysisThis thesis analyzed 15 genera and 63 species of the Opsiini in Zoogeographic regions of the world and China.The results:At the genus level: The distribution type is 11 in the world zoogeographical realms,and the monoboundary distribution type is only the Oriental realm,accounting for 5 genera,accounting for 33.33%of the total genera.All the others were transboundary distribution,with a total of 10 genera,accounting for66.67% of the total genera.The other 10 types of transboundary distribution had only 1 genus,accounting for 6.67% of the total genus.If the transregional genera were taken into account,the distribution of the genus was the widest in the Oriental realm,with 13 genera,accounting for 86.67% of the total number of genera.Then,9 genera were distributed in Palaearctic realm,accounting for 60.00% of the total genera.7genera were distributed in Ethiopian realm,accounting for 46.67% of the total genera.There are relatively few other zoogeographical realms.The distribution type in zoogeographical realms of China is type 10.There are 4 monotypic types,including 6 genera from South China region,accounting for 40.00% of the known genera in China.If the cross-regional genera are included,the South China region has the largest distribution,with 10 genera,accounting for 66.67% of the total known genera of Opsiini in China.North China region followed with 6 genera,each accounting for 40.00% of the total genera.The results show that Opsiini are widely distributed in the world,and the genera are distributed in all realm of the world zoogeographic realm,the Oriental realm is the most distributed,followed by Palaearctic realm,then Ethiopian realm,less distributed in Australian realm and Nearctic realm,and least distributed in Neotropical realm.In the zoogeographic distribution of China,South China region is dominant,North China region is the second,and Qinghai-Tibet and Southwest China regions are the least.At the species level: Types of 9 distribution in the world zoogeographical realms,among which the Oriental realm contains the largest number of species,accounting for 58.73% of the total species.There were 14 species from Palaearctic realm-Oriental realm,accounting for 22.22% of the total species.If the inter-regional species were taken into account,58 species were distributed in the Oriental realm,accounting for 92.06% of the total species.The Palaearctic realm was followed by 21 species,accounting for 33.33%of the total species.The second was Ethiopian realm,with 9 species,accounting for 14.29% of the total species.The distribution type in zoogeographical realms of China is type 17.The number of species in South China region was the largest,with 16 species,accounting for 25.40% of the total species.Next was the Central China region,with 9 species,accounting for 14.29% of the total species.If the inter-regional species were taken into account,34 species were discovered in central China region,accounting for 53.97%of the total species.Secondly,there were 31 species in South China region,accounting for 49.21% of the total species.There were 20 species in southwest China region,accounting for 31.75% of the total species.The results show that the species class of Opsiini in China is mainly distributed in the Oriental realm,followed by Palaearctic realm and Ethiopian realm,and less distributed in the Australian realm,with only one species in the Nearctic realm.Central China region is the dominant region,followed by South China region,Southwest China region and North China region,Mongolia Xinjiang region and Northeast China region are the least distributed.3.Phylogeny analysisSelecting Nakaharanus bimaculatus Li,1988 as the representational species of outgroup.Based on 54 important morphological characteristics,we utilize maximum parsimony to construct phylogenetic trees of the Chinese Opsiini.(1)The monophyletic group of Opsiini was supported by phylogenetic trees.(2)The taxonomic status of the new genus was supported by phylogenetic trees.(3)Paralitura,Orosius,Hishimonoides and Pseudophlepsius are monophyletic.(4)Odontochilus and Alishania were sister groups;Japananus is sister group to Japananoides and sister group to Neoaliturus;Litura is a sister group to Norva. |
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