Taxonomic Study Of The Family Hygrobatidae And Pionidae From China (Acari:Hydrachnidiae)

Hygrobatidae and Pionidae belong to Hygrobatoidea,Hydrachnidia,Acari.Account up to now,the world has been Hygrobatidae is about 800 species,79 genera and 36 subgenera,Pionidae about 6 subfamily,18 genera,17 subgenera and 400 species,the original account of Hygrobatidae,3 genera and 31 species,Pionidae 3 subfamily 3 genera,13 species,research with the world level there is a big gap,therefore,this thesis has carried out Hygrobatidae and Pionidae taxonomic research,comparative morphology research analyses the faunal composition and clear its species.The main research and contents are as follows:(1)Classification researchThe specimens of Hygrobatidae and Pionidae from Guizhou,Sichuan,Chongqing,Hainan,Hunan,Hubei,Zhejiang,Guangxi,Jiangxi,Jilin,Heilongjiang,Shanxi,Fujian,Shandong,Henan,Inner Mongolia and Ningxia were dissected,sected,sealed,identified,drawed and preserved.A total of 46 species,6 subgenera,of the family Hygrobatidae from China were described,including 8 new species,3 newly recorded species and 5 redescribed species.37 species of the family Pionidae,6 subgenera,4 subfamilies,of which 14 new species,10 newly recorded species and 2 re-described species were found.1 new record subfamily,2 new record genera and 1 new record subgenus were found.The new taxa and new Chinese record units are as follows:1 newly recorded subfamily: Hydrochoreutinae Viets,1942.2 newly recorded genera and 1 subgenus: Pionacercus Piersig,1894;Hydrochoreutes Koch,1837;Monobates Walter,1935.22 new species: Hygrobates(Hygrobates)quatporus Li & Yi,sp.nov.Hygrobates(Monobates)protuberance Li & Yi,sp.nov.Atractides(Atractides)menyuanensis Li & Yi,sp.nov.Atractides(Atractides)synglandulopilosusanus Li & Yi,sp.nov.Atractides(Atractides)maixiuensis Li & Yi,sp.nov.Atractides(Atractides)longisalientia Li & Yi,sp.nov.Atractides(Atractides)prosiliensanus Li & Yi,sp.nov.Atractides(Atractides)guanshanensis Li & Yi,sp.nov.Piona notatellanus Li & Yi,sp.nov.Piona hexolanxa Li & Yi,sp.nov.Piona fusongensis Li & Yi,sp.nov.Piona variousis Li & Yi,sp.nov.Piona hugeplate Li & Yi,sp.nov.Piona hunanensis Li & Yi,sp.nov.Piona triangulus Li & Yi,sp.nov.Piona xianghaiensis Li & Yi,sp.nov.Piona helongjiangensis Li & Yi,sp.nov.Piona polyacetabulaanus Li & Yi,sp.nov.Forelia(Forelia)subtriangulus Li & Yi,sp.nov.Forelia(Forelia)shortiporus Li & Yi,sp.nov.Tiphys yichunensisanus Li & Yi,sp.nov.Hydrochoreutes hanmaensis Li & Yi,sp.nov.13 newly recorded species: Hygrobates(Hygrobates)capillus Matsumoto & Hiroshi,2005 Hygrobates(Hygrobates)prosiliensis Koenike,1915 Atractides(Atractides)inflatus Walter,1925 Piona coccinoides(Thor,1897)Piona rotunda(Kramer,1879)Piona variabilis(Koch,1836)Piona alpicola Neuman,1880 Piona amimitli Cramer-Hemkes & Marin-Hernandez,2009 Piona washingtonensis Cook,2016 Piona novae-zeallandidae,1952 Pionacercus leuckartii Piersig,1894 Pionacercus anadyrensis Tuzovskij,1990 Tiphys ornatus Koch,18367 species of redescription: Hygrobates(Hygrobates)neolongiporus Jin,1997 Hygrobates(Hygrobates)bravisterus Jin,1997 Atractides(Atractides)gracilis Jin,1997 Atractides(Atractides)nodipalpis(Thor 1899)Atractides(Tympanomegapus)acutirostris(Motas & Angelier,1927)Piona chengduensis Jin,1997 Piona platyura Jin & Guo,1992(2)Comparative morphological studyWith Hygrobatidae and Pionidae as object,carried out by two kinds of species order of yuan,comparative morphology research section using the coxal plate,genital field,and the IV-L-4 morphological structure comparison,draw coxal plate structure,genital field classification values shape the size and acetabular and acetabular of genital field area,these to P-2 abdomen size and whether with front teeth,P-4 with 2 Lana position and degree of IV-L-4 bending structure classification,often these identification features should be combined with other features are used together.(3)Geographical faunal analysis In this paper,we systematically analyzed the species composition and faunal characteristics of the Hygrobatidae and Pionidae from China by using the faunal simplex and faunal complex analysis methods.The results are as follows:Zoogeographical regionalization of the world: At the subgenus level,there are four types of distribution in the zoogeographical regionalization of the family Hygrobatidae in China,among which the most closely related to the subgenera "Palaearctic-Oriental-Neo-northern-Tropical-Neo-tropical Triumphal".At the subgenera level,the distribution types of Hygrobatidae chinensis in the world zoogeographical regionalization can be divided into four types,among which the "Palaearctic-Oriental-New North Triassic" subgenera types are relatively rich and closely related.At the species level,there were three types of distribution in the world zoogeographical regionals: Palaearctic region,Oriental region and Palaearctic region.The number of faunal species in the Eastern region was the largest,accounting for 73.91%,up to 34 species.The palaearctic district fauna-type species came next,accounting for 7 species(15.21%).There were only 5 species in the Palaearctic and Oriental sub-fauna type,accounting for 10.86% of the species in China.The Oriental region was rich in species,and 46 species of the Chinese Hygrobatidae were most closely related to the Oriental region among the six major zoogeographic fauna in the world.At the species level,there are 6 types of distribution in the world zoogeographic division of Acaridae,including 18 Palaeobeigian faunae,accounting for 48.65%,14 Oriental faunae,accounting for 37.84%,and 2 Palaeobeigian-New North faunae,accounting for 5.41%.There was one species of "Palaearctic Tripteric Fauna","Oriental Tripteric Fauna" and "Palaearctic Tripteric Fauna",accounting for 2.70% of the total species.Among the world zoogeographic divisions,the Palaearctic Tripteric Fauna is the most abundant species in China.Zoogeographical regionalization of China: Zoogeographic Regionalization of China: At the subgenus level,there are 6 types of Chinese hypopteridae in the zoogeographical regionalization of China,including 2 genera,accounting for 33.33%,and 2 genera,respectively,in the "Central China-South China Tripartite System" and "North China-Mongolia-New-Qinghai-Tibet-Southwest China-Central China-South China Tripartite System".The subgenera of Chinese wet mite species are most closely related to the "Central China-South China Tripartite Type" and the "North China-Mongolia-New-Qinghai-Tibet-Southwest China-Central China-South China Tripartite Type".At the subgenus level,the subgenera of Acaridae were the most abundant in the zoogeographic regionalization of China,with two species,accounting for 33.33%.The subgenera of Acaridae were abundant in the subgenera level of China and in the zoogeographic regionalization of China,while the subgenera number of the other faunal types were relatively single.At the species level,11 faunal types were found in the zoogeographical regionalization of China,and the largest number of faunal types was 15(32.60%)in Central China.The most abundant faunal types were in Central China.At the species level,7 faunal types were found in the zoogeographic regionalization of China,of which 15 faunal types were found in Central China,accounting for 40.54% of the total number of the family,and 1 faunal species were found in Southwest China,Northeast Mongolia New Area and Central China South China,accounting for 2.70%,respectively.The results showed that the species of Chinese acaroid mites were the most abundant in the zoogeographic regionalization of China and the central China quaternary fauna,and the investigation was relatively comprehensive.There were only two species across the two quaternary fauna,only one species in the new quaternary fauna and the central China-South China region,and the range of species migration was relatively narrow.