Study On The Air Quality,social Economic Development And Population Health Effect In 9 Cities Of The Yellow River Basin

As an important ecological barrier and economic belt in China,the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin is a major national strategy.At present,the air quality in the Yellow River Basin has been in a relatively severe state for a long time.Therefore,this article selected the air quality,data of PM₁₀,PM_2.5 and other air pollutants of the 9 provincial capitals of the Yellow River Basin from 2015 to 2019,combined with the social and economic development indicators and baseline health data of 9 provincial capitals from 2015 to 2018,using air quality index,gray correlation analysis and Poisson regression model to analyze and evaluate the air quality status,socio-economic influencing factors and the population health effects of air pollutants in the nine capital cities of the Yellow River Basin.The purpose of the research is to provide a theoretical basis for formulating environmental health policies and promoting the sustainable development of cities.The results of this paper are as follows:(1)From 2015 to 2019,except for Xi'an and Taiyuan,the air quality of the 9provincial capitals in the Yellow River Basin improved.The annual average AQI in Xi'an and Taiyuan in 2019 was higher than that in 2015,which showed the air quality was worse.PM₁₀,PM_2.5 and O₃ were the main air pollutants in the nine capital cities of the Yellow River Basin.The seasonal values of AQI in 9 cities were“high in winter and low in autumn”.The monthly peak values of AQI in 9 cities ranged from November to February,and the trough values ranged from April to September.The monthly averages of PM_2.5,PM₁₀,CO,and NO₂ in 9 cities showed a"U"-shaped distribution.The monthly averages of SO₂ in 8 provincial capital cities except Chengdu showed a"U"-shaped change.The monthly averages of SO₂ in Chengdu remained at a low level throughout the year.The monthly average of O₃ in the 9 provincial capital cities showed an inverted"U"-shaped change.(2)Demographic factors,economic factors,traffic factors and urban greening levels had a certain impact on the air quality of the nine capital cities in the Yellow River Basin.The primary factor affecting the air quality in Lanzhou was the permanent population at the end of the year.The GDP of the primary industry was the primary factor affecting air quality in Chengdu,Xi'an,Zhengzhou and Jinan.The GDP of the secondary industry was the primary influencing factor of Xining's air qualit y.GDP per capita was the primary influencing factor of air quality in Hohhot.The area of park green space was the primary influencing factor of the air quality in Yinchuan and Taiyuan.(3)Compared with PM₁₀,PM_2.5 and O₃,for every 10?g?m^-3 increased in SO₂ and NO₂ concentration,the population mortality rate increased by a higher percentage.However,the health effects of air pollutants were also related to excessive pollutant concentrations,population base and disease mortality.Therefore,after evaluating the health effects of nine provincial capital cities in the Yellow River Basin,it is concluded that the health effects caused by PM₁₀,PM_2.5 and O₃ were higher than SO₂ and NO₂,and the impact of air pollutants on deaths from cardiovascular diseases was higher than that of deaths from respiratory diseases.Overall,the current SO₂ and NO₂ concentrations in the nine capital cities of the Yellow River Basin were close to the WHO guidelines.The main air factors that affected the health of the population were PM₁₀,PM_2.5 and O₃,which should be regarded as the focus of air pollution prevention and control,and the standard limits should be gradually tightened on the basis of compliance with the development of each city.