| Eshan County and Yimen County are located in the west of Yuxi City,in the middle of Yunnan Province and in the northwest of Yuxi City.According to the preliminary statistics of available data,there are more than 6,000 species of seed plants in central Yunnan,which is rich in resources and diverse in types,and is an important plant species diversity enrichment area.However,for a long time,the investigation of plant resources in central Yunnan is relatively scattered,the research is not deep enough,and the intensity of investigation in different counties is not consistent.Therefore,it is necessary to make a more in-depth investigation on some weak counties in central Yunnan on the basis of previous work,so as to further clarify the background of plant species diversity and provide support for regional economic and social development and ecological protection.This study is based on the previous specimen collection of our research group and the ongoing fourth national general survey of Chinese medicine resources.Through field investigation,specimen collection and identification,data collation and data processing,the seed list of the study area has been preliminarily compiled,and its flora and utilization of plant resources have been studied and analyzed,and the following main conclusions have been drawn:(1)The investigation scope of this study covers the main land space of Eshan and Yimen counties,and the investigation time fully considers the difference between dry and wet seasons.A total of 2526 seed plant specimens were collected and more than50000 color photographs were taken.Through the identification of collected specimens and photographs,the study area was sorted out and the list of seed plants collected in this study was obtained.In the list,gymnosperms were arranged according to Christenhusz et al.(2011)classification system,and angiosperms were arranged according to APG IV system.According to the list statistics,1388 species(including subspecies and varieties)of seed plants were collected in this study,belonging to 149 families and 740 genera.There are 15 species of gymnosperms belonging to 11 genera and 7 families,and 1373 species of angiosperms belonging to729 genera and 142 families.(2)Four new species of angiosperms have been found in this study,among which two have been published,namely Pertya huangii and Pilea weimingii,and two suspected new species are still under further study,namely,one species of Asteraceae,Duhaldea lachnocephalus,and one species of Phyllanthus Breynia brevirostrata.Eleven species of newly distributed plants were found in central Yunnan,such as Polyalthia florulenta,Mucuna calophylla,Phyllanthus anthopotamicum and so on.(3)A total of 121 species of naturalized and invasive plants belonging to 31 families and 85 genera were found in Eshan and Yimen counties.Among them,Compositae,Leguminosae,Solanaceae,Amaranthaceae,Euphorbiaceae and Gramineae are the most.There are 31 species of Compositae,accounting for 25.62%of naturalized plants,13 species of Leguminosae,11 species of Solanaceae,9.09%,9species of Amaranthaceae,7.44%,6 species of Euphorbiaceae,4.96%,and 5 species of Gramineae,4.13%.The total number of naturalized plants in these five families accounted for 61.98% of all naturalized plants.From the point of origin,the most naturalized plants come from America,including South America and North America.There are 77 naturalized plants from this region,accounting for 63.64% of all naturalized plants,while there are only 44 naturalized plants from other continents,accounting for 36.36%.(4)Flora analysis shows that the study area is a typical representative of flora in central Yunnan,showing the characteristics of intersection and transition between tropical flora and temperate flora;In the flora,the proportion of tropical elements and temperate elements is equal,with rich tropical elements and a certain amount of temperate elements,with distinct subtropical characteristics.Among them,tropical genera account for 58.90% of the total,temperate genera account for 41.10% of the total,which shows that there are 126 genera in pan-tropical distribution,accounting for 17.03% of the total,followed by 97 genera in north temperate distribution,accounting for 13.11% of the total;According to the floristic analysis of families and genera,it can be seen that the flora in the study area is a part of the flora in East Asia,which is characterized by the transition from East Himalayas to China and China to Japan,belonging to 60 genera of this type,accounting for 8.90% of the total genera investigated.The analysis of plant life-form spectrum shows that the flora in the study area is significantly affected by the semi-humid and semi-arid climate.(5)A total of 341 species of endemic plants in China were found in the study area,among which 47 species were endemic to Yunnan,accounting for 25.57% and3.39% of all investigated plant species respectively,of which 13.78% were endemic to China,and both endemic plants in China and Yunnan accounted for a high proportion in the region,indicating that the endemic plants in the study area were obvious.In addition,the phenomena of ancient and new endemic species of seed plants in this area are very obvious.Ancient and new endemic species such as Cycas diannanensis and Pertya huangii coexist at the same time.On the one hand,it shows that the region has an ancient origin and is one of the sanctuaries of ancient relict plant flora;on the other hand,the special habitat is an important zone for the formation and differentiation of new species.(6)According to the relevant literature and the actual investigation results,the resource plants in the study area can be divided into 5 categories and 21 subcategories,which are rich in plant resources,and many species have high resource value.A total of 687 species of medicinal plants were found,belonging to 124 families and 452 genera,with rich diversity.Among them,Compositae is the most abundant medicinal plant resource,with 63 species belonging to 40 genera,accounting for 8.91% and 9.72%of all genera respectively.In the medicinal plant resources,based on the fourth national general survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources,according to statistics,there are 147 key species of medicinal plants collected in this research,belonging to 65 families and 132 genera,which shows that the local medicinal plant resources are abundant.According to market survey,Panax notoginseng and Paris polyphylla are local characteristic industries.A total of 268 species of edible plant resources were collected in the study area,belonging to 64 families and 187 genera.Among them,Gramineae,Leguminosae,Rosaceae,Solanaceae and Compositae are the most abundant,and Musella lasiocarpa and other plants are local characteristic edible plants.In addition,the industrial plant resources in the study area are also very rich.There are 96 species of wood resources plants belonging to 36 families and 63 genera.Eucalyptus globulus,Pinus armandii and Cunninghamia lanceolata are the main local wood resources.Finally,there are many ornamental plants in the study area,but the resources are not rich.According to our investigation,there are 259 species of ornamental plants in the study area,belonging to 80 families and 196 genera,among which Cerasus cerasoides,Cerasus yunnanensis and Woodfordia fruticosa have great development prospects. |
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