| On the basis of comprehensive literature collection, extensive field investigation, interview survey and herbarium work, analyze the medicinal plant resource of Longsheng County Including the characteristic of the medicinal plant resources, the point investigation of wild medicinal plant, rare and endangered medicinal plants resources, National medicine culture and so on. Discussing sustainable development and utilization ways in Longsheng County. The main conclusions are summarized as followings:1. Longsheng County locates in the middle subtropical. Owning the warm climate and abundant rainfall, vegetation keeps intact, with the high species diversity and the rich medicinal plant resources. By the investigation statistics, the total species of the vascular medicinal plant is 1640 (including infraspecific taxa), which belongs to 222 families,817 genera. According to the classification of different plants, species of medicinal pteridophyte is 144, which belongs to 43 families,75 genera; species of medicinal gymnosperm is 20, which belongs to 9 families,16 genera; species of medicinal angiosperm is 1476, which belongs to 170 families,726 genera. Percentage of medicinal angiosperm is highest, the second is medicinal pteridophyte, and the third one is the medicinal gymnosperm. the medicinal plant resource of Longsheng takes 41.63% in the medicinal plant resource of Guangxi, and 14.71% in the medicinal plant resource of the whole country.2. The medicinal plant in Longsheng County have the dominant family and dominant genera. The family of most species which has more than 20 species is 24, which species is 781. It takes 10.81% in the total family, but owns 47.62% in the total species. Compositae rans in the first, which owns 88 species. The total dominant families contains Compositae、Orchidaceae、 Fabaceae、Rubiaceae、Rosaceae and so on. The dominant genera with more than 10 species is Polygonum、Callicarpa、Ardisia、Lysimachia、Rubus、Viburnum and Ficus。Ficus rans in the first, which owns 20 species,3. Utilization of medicinal plant in Longsheng County is mostly depend on wild resource. Species of wild medicinal plant is total 1496, take the 91.10% of the total medicinal plant in the Country, species of cultured medicinal plant is 146, take the 8.90% in the total one. And most cultured one isn’t used to medicinal, but to edible and landscaping. Cultured medicinal plant like Eucommia ulmoides、Houpoea officinalis、Siraitia grosvenorii、Curcuma longa、Ginkgo biloba generally use as medicine, but other cultured ones not use as medicine take most percentage. There is market potential in the cultured medicinal plant. It could slow down the pressure with the wild resource, if increasing the intensity of planting about the bulk medicinal materials.4. Species of emphasis investigation of the wild medicinal plant in Longsheng County is abundant. Species of key-wild medicinal plant is 107, which belongs to 59 families,98 genera. In the sample plot survey, appears 61 species key-wild medicinal plants, the others which is discovered in the route investigation. Statistic by the ones occurrence frequency, preliminary estimate its wild standing stock. In the tree quadrat, there are 4 species appearing and Litsea cubeba with the high frequency; 17 species appear in the shrub quadrat, Ardisia crenata、Smilax china、Reynoutria japonica、Uncaria rhynchophylla、Dichroa febrifuga、Turpinia montana、 and Rosa laevigata with the high frequency; 31 species appear in the herb quadrat, Osmunda japonica、Senecio scandens、Imperata cylindrica、Pueraria Montana var. lobata、Cibotium barometz、Achyranthes aspera with the high frequency.5. Herbs medicinal plant used widely in Longsheng County, then is the shrubs and vines plant, trees medicinal plant used least. Species of herbs medicinal plant is 897, take 54.70% in the total species; Species of shrubs plant is 301, take 18.35% in the total species, Species of vines plant is 237, take 14.45% in the total species, Species of trees plant with the lowest percentage, which species is 205, take 12.50% in the total species,6. Whole herb and root、rootstalk herb used widely in Longsheng County. Different medicinal parts are closely associated with drug safety and medical efficacy. Whole herb type is 662, take 31.04% in the total use frequency, which percentage is the highest. The second one is root、rootstalk herb type is 542, take 25.41% in the total use frequency. It will do huge influence with the plant itself.even pose threat about its life. Excessive excavation and not taking protection measure will lead to drain and extinct of the resource. Scientific and reasonable collection must be taken.7. Medicinal plant in Longsheng County with multiple function. The major function type includes activating blood and dissolving stasis, clearing heat and removing toxicity, suppressing cough and calming panting, inducing diuresis and excreting dampness, stopping bleeding. The plants function with pattern of activating blood and dissolving stasis take high percentage, its species is 525, which take 32.01% in the total species and 17.15% in the total function. The other 5 function type also have the high percentage. The lower percentage species is other types which like checking diarrhea and leucorrhea, diaphoretic prescriptions, promoting digestion, tonic medicine and decrease blood pressure blood lipid. There are more function need to exploring and studying.8. The number of the toxic medicinal plants is rich, which species is 104, takes 6.34% in the total species. Araceae with 5 toxic medicinal plants which rans in the first place. There are 24 toxic medicinal plants with 2-5 species likes Euphorbiaceae、Loganiaceae、Solanaceae、 Trilliaceae、Thymelaeaceae and so on; There are 26 toxic medicinal plants with 1 species likes Lardizabalaceae、Menispermaceae、Aristolochiaceae、Chloranthaceae、Saxifragaceae and other species. Toxic medicinal plants are often with strong biological activity and low safety coefficient, which essily inducing poisoning. Tsking more caution when using toxic medicinal plants.9. Yao nationality medicine and Dong nationality medicine in Longsheng County have different characteristic, which enrich and develop culture of traditional Chinese medicine. In Yao nationality medicine, according to the different drug property, divide the medicine plants into 3 different names. They remain the custom of medicinal bath to keep healthy. Counting 29 commonly medicinal bath plants in Yao nationality. There are 105 commonly used medicinal plants in Dong nationality, which belongs to 58 families,101 genera. It is special in the diagnosis method, denominate of the disease and the plant in the Dong nationality. Both of the Yao nationality and Dong nationality are excellent folk medicine of ethnic culture in our country. But because of various reasons, they are faced with the danger of being lost. It must be reinforce Investigation and sorting about the national medicine. With the rising of the medicinal plants economic value, national medicine will get a good opportunity for development and run into unknown challenge meanwhile.10. Medicinal rare and endangered plants abundant is abundant. Species of medicinal rare and endangered plants is 74, takes 4.51% in the total species., which belongs 25 families,52 genera. Medicinal rare and endangered plants contain 2 national level I protection plants,18 national level II protection plants,54 autonomous district protection plants. Including 4 medicinal pteridophyte,6 medicinal gymnosperm,64 medicinal angiosperm. Because of environmental degradation, human disturbance, reserve of wild resources is decreasing. Aiming at the unprotected species, according to its wild survival status and utilize situation to evaluating, suggested 93 species including into the medicinal plants protection list in Longsheng County. |
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