| On the basis of comprehensive review of the literature, market research, interview survey, herbarium work, the thesis analyzes the medicinal plant composition, the characteristic of the medicinal plant resources, rare and endangered medicinal plants resources, traditional medical knowledge and so on. The market research focuses on the traditional dragon boat drug market and medicinal materials collection center which play a role of heritage and development in the traditional medicine of Yao nationality.The main research and analysis results were summarized as followings:1. After investigation and statistics, the total species of the vascular medicinal plant is 1445 (including infraspecific taxa) in Gongcheng County, which belongs to 212 families,798 genera. According to the classification of different plants, species of medicinal pteridophyte is 89, which belongs to 35 families,54 genera; species of medicinal gymnosperm is 19, which belongs to 9 families,14 genera; species of medicinal angiosperm is 1337, which belongs to 168 families,730 genera. The most species-rich families are Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lamiaceae and Rosaceae. Asteraceae runs in the first, which owns 98 species. At the generic level, with more than 10 species, the are Polygonum, Ficus, Ardisia, Zanthoxylum, Clematis and Rubus.2. Herbs medicinal plant is used widely in Gongcheng County, then the shrubs and vines plant, trees medicinal plant least. Species of herbs medicinal plant is 731, accounting for 50.59% in the total species; Species of shrubs plant is 322, accounting for 22.28% in the total species; Species of vines plant is 212, accounting for 14.67% in the total species, Species of trees plant with the lowest percentage is 180, accounting for 12.46% in the total species. Utilization of medicinal plant in Gongcheng County depend mostly on wild resource. Species of wild medicinal plant is total 1231, accounting for 85.19% of the total medicinal plant in the Country. Species of cultured medicinal plant is 214, accounting for 14.81% in the total one. Whole herb and root herb used widely in Gongcheng County. Whole herb type is 659, accounting for 33.67% in the total use frequency, which percentage is the highest. The second one, root herb type is 421, accounting for 21.51% in the total use frequency. Medicinal plant in Gongcheng County has multiple function. The most major function type is clearing heat and removing toxicity, its species is 587, which accounting for 40.62% in the total species.3. After investigation and statistics, the number of the toxic medicinal plants in Gongcheng County is 156, which belongs to 64 families,119 genera. Euphorbiaceae with 18 toxic medicinal plants runs in the first place, the next is Araceae and Apocynaceae. There are 115 commonly used medicinal plants in Yao nationality, which belongs to 61 families,95 genera. According to the classification of different plants, species of medicinal pteridophyte is 5, which belongs to 3 families,3 genera; species of medicinal gymnosperm is 2, which belongs to 1 families,1 genera; species of medicinal angiosperm is 108, which belongs to 57 families,91 genera. Species of rare and endangered medicinal plants is 48, which belongs 17 families,32 genera, among which 1 species belongs to the grade one of national protected plants and 10 species the grade two,38 autonomous district protected plants.4. Through the market survey of the Dragon Boat Festival of traditional medicine in Gongcheng County, the total species of the vascular medicinal plant is 418, which belongs to 120 families,307 genera. The total species of the Dragon Boat Festival of traditional medicine market accounting for 28.93% in the total species of whole county. The species of medicinal pteridophyte is 32, which belongs to 17 families,25 genera; species of medicinal gymnosperm is 4. which belongs to 4 families,4 genera; species of medicinal angiosperm is 382, which belongs to 99 families,278 genera. The most species-rich families are Orchidaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Rubiaceae and Liliaceae. The Orchidaceae runs in the first, which owns 26 species. At the generic level, with more than 4 species they are Dendrobium, Ardisia, Polygonum, Selaginella, Zanthoxylum and Lysimachia. The Dendrobium runs in the first.5. Herbs medicinal plant is used widely in the Dragon Boat Festival of traditional medicine market of Gongcheng County, then the vines and shrubs plant, trees medicinal plant least. Species of herbs medicinal plant is 230, accounting for 55.02% in the total species; Species of vines plant is 86, accounting for 20.57% in the total species; Species of shrubs plant is 71, accounting for 16.99% in the total species; Species of trees plant with the lowest percentage is 31, accounting for 7.42% in the total species. Utilization of medicinal plant in the Dragon Boat Festival of traditional medicine market of Gongcheng County depends mostly on wild resource. Species of wild medicinal plant is total 385, accounting for 92.11% of the total medicinal plant in the Dragon Boat Festival of traditional medicine market of Gongcheng County. Species of cultured medicinal plant is 33, accounting for 7.89% in the total one. Whole herb type used in the Dragon Boat Festival of traditional medicine market of Gongcheng County is 193, accounting for 39.88% in the total use frequency, which percentage is the highest. The second one root herb type is 87, accounting for 17.98% in the total use frequency.6. After investigation and statistics, the toxic medicinal plants in the Dragon Boat Festival of traditional medicine market of Gongcheng County is rich. The number of species is 75, which belongs to 41 families,64 genera. Euphorbiaceae with 7 toxic medicinal plants which runs in the first place, the next was Araceae and which has 6 toxic medicinal plants. There were 123 species which have been recorded on the pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2015 edition). The 123 species which belongs to 54 families,87 genera. The traditional old class medicine of the Dragon Boat Festival of traditional medicine market in Gongcheng County has 58 species, which belongs to 40 families,54 genera. There are 80 commonly used medicinal plants in Yao nationality, which belongs to 50 families,70 genera. Species of medicinal rare and endangered plants is 34, which belongs to 9 families,21 genera. Medicinal rare and endangered plants contain 1 national level I protection plants,4 national level II protection plants,29 autonomous district protection plants(including Orchidaceae 26 species). The medicinal plants in the Dragon Boat Festival of traditional medicine market of Gongcheng County are endemic to Guangxi including 4 species, which is Aristolochia gongchengensis, Asarum sagittarioides, Chirita medica and Aspidistra retusa.7. Through the investigation market of the acquisition station of medicinal herbs in Gongcheng County, the total annual purchase volume of vegetable herbs are 129, among which original plants are 120 species, which belongs to 65 families,105 genera. The number of pteridophyte herbs is 9, and the original plants has 9 species, which belongs to 8 families,9 genera; kinds of gymnosperm herbs is 1, and the original plants has 1 species, which belongs to 1 families,1 genera; the number of angiosperm herbs is 119, and the original plants has 110 species, which belongs to 56 families,95 genera.8. The acquisition station of medicinal herbs in Gongcheng County purchases the vegetable herbs in order to herbal medicine, there has 56 kinds, accounting for 43.41% in the total kinds; then the vines and trees medicine, shrubs medicine least. The number of vines medicine species is 26, accounting for 20.16% in the total kinds; kinds of trees medicine is 25, accounting for 19.38% in the total kinds; kinds of shrubs medicine is 22, accounting for 17.05% in the total kinds. The vegetable herbs depend mostly on wild resource. The total of wild herbs is 112, accounting for 86.82% in the total kinds. Kinds of cultured herbs is 17, accounting for 13.18%in the total kinds.9. There are 8 spieces of medical herbs of which the annual purchase quantity in Gongcheng county is more than 100 tons in 2015, among which the fructus aurantii immaturus, persimmon leaf, Sarcandra glabra, pomelo peel and three flowers of orange peel are the top five. The herbs volume of purchase between 10-100t has 34 kinds, below lOt has 87 kinds. The price of the vegetable herbs purchasesd by the acquisition station of medicinal herbs in Gongcheng County is instable, mainly due to the influence of harvest season, the apothecary, wild resources factors and so on. The majority of herbs having purchased are sold to other places, especially the market for medicinal herbs in Yulin, Guangxi. There is still a small part for personal use or sold to local Yao doctors. |
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