| Bird strike refers to an accident that occurs when an aircraft is struck by a bird during takeoff,flight or landing,which seriously threatens global aviation safety.Relevant studies have shown that the airport and its surrounding areas are the key areas for bird strike prevention.Therefore,understanding the landscape pattern and bird community structure around the airport is very important for the airport to carry out bird strike prevention work.At present,domestic airports have regard to the surrounding landscape pattern and bird strikes.In order to explore the impact of the airport landscape pattern on the structure of bird communities,this study was conducted from July to September 2020,taking the bird community within a 13 km radius of the airport as the research object and adopting transects.The method and fixed-radius sampling method investigated and studied the bird communities around Yanji Chaoyangchuan Civil Aviation Airport(Yanji Airport)and the flight area.The composition,distribution,diversity index and other characteristics of bird communities were analyzed.At the same time,the 2000 Interpretation data from Landsat TM summer remote sensing images in 2015,2010 and 2015,analyzed the changing characteristics of the landscape pattern around the airport and its relationship with the structure of bird communities,and determined the high-risk bird species and attractive bird landscapes of the airport and its surroundings Type,proposed airport bird strike prevention and control measures.The research results are aimed at finding more practical prevention methods for the airport to minimize the risk of bird strikes.The main findings are as follows:(1)Bird community structure composition:Yanji Airport recorded 58 species of 2286 birds,belonging to 14 orders and 31 families.Among them,there are 33 species of passerine birds in 17 families,accounting for 86.80%of the total number of birds,and 25 species of non-passerine birds in 14 families,accounting for 13.20%of the total number of birds;53 species of breeding birds,accounting for the total number of birds 98.29%,5 species of non-breeding birds,accounting for 1.71%of the total number of birds;13 species of broadly distributed birds,accounting for 87.30%of the total number of birds,and 45 species of regionally distributed birds,accounting for 12.70%of the total number of birds.(2)Determination of high-risk species:Refer to the species that have experienced bird strikes at the airport,and combine the bird's cluster phenomenon,flight height,and whether to cross the runway and other behaviors to determine the potential threat species.There are 8 species of severely dangerous birds;6 species of very dangerous birds;7 species of more dangerous birds;and 7 species of generally dangerous birds.(3)Characteristics of landscape pattern changes:Quantitative analysis of the dynamic changes of the landscape pattern of Yanji Airport from 2000 to 1015.In the past 15 years,at the landscape scale,the landscape types within 13 km area have been gradually enriched from the inside to the outside:wetlands and woodlands have reduced the connectivity of the landscape suitable for birds to inhabit,and the connectivity between the patches of cultivated land and artificial surfaces increase.(4)Diversity of bird communities in different landscape types:Among all landscape types,woodlands and wetlands are the most attractive to birds,and their diversity index occupies an absolute advantage,while the diversity index of artificial surfaces is the lowest.Woodland>Wetland>Cultivated Land>Grassland>Artificial Surface.Among them,sparrows and house swallows have the highest diversity index in grassland;sparrows,grey magpies,house swallows,mountain doves and magpies have the highest diversity indexes in woodland;house swallows,sparrows,mountain doves and magpies have the highest diversity indexes in cultivated land;sparrows and white magpies in wetlands Wagtail has the highest diversity index;Sparrow and house swallow have the highest diversity index on artificial surfaces.(5)The relationship between landscape pattern and bird distribution:High-risk species inside the airport are mainly distributed in grassland,followed by woodland and cultivated land;high-risk species outside the airport are mainly distributed in woodland and wetland,followed by cultivated land,of which woodland(Maoershan Forest Park),Wetlands(Burhatong River on the north side,Hailan River on the south side,and fish ponds around the flying area)are highly concentrated areas for birds.Based on the above research results,this paper clarified the bird community structure and distribution characteristics of the area around the airport,clarified the characteristics of its landscape pattern and its impact on the bird community structure,and based on the survey results and the existing problems and problems in the current airport bird strike prevention and control work Insufficient,the prevention and control measures for bird habitats in the airport and surrounding areas are proposed,so that it cannot provide food,water and hidden places for birds,and provide a scientific theoretical basis for the airport to carry out bird strike prevention work. |
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