Bird Diversity And Countermeasures For Bird Strike Prevention Measures At Jingzhou Shashi Airport,Hubei Province

Bird strikes caused by birds colliding with aircraft have always been a major safety issue in the aviation industry.Conducting bird surveys in and around airports is the foundation of airport bird strike prevention work.Shashi Airport in Jingzhou,Hubei Province,located in the Jianghan Plain in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,has had complex bird conditions and a severe bird strike threat since its opening.In order to develop targeted bird strike prevention measures for Jingzhou Shashi Airport,from June 2020 to February 2023,a systematic survey of the species diversity and distribution patterns of bird communities within the airport’s clearance area was conducted using the transect method.The key bird species for airport prevention were screened using a bird strike risk assessment model.The research results are as follows:1.A total of 146 species of birds from 17 orders and 48 families were surveyed in the clearance area of Jingzhou Shashi Airport.According to the classification of resident types,there are 48 resident birds,36 summer migratory birds,41 winter migratory birds,and 21 migratory birds;according to the classification of regions,there are 71 Palearctic species,51 Oriental species,and 24 widely distributed species;according to the classification of ecological groups,there are 7 swimming birds,36 wading birds,6 land birds,13 climbing birds,14 raptors,and 70 songbirds.Among swimming birds,wading birds and climbing birds,kingfishers belong to waterfowl,while other ecological groups belong to forest birds.The ratio of waterfowl to forest bird species is about 1:2.2.According to the RB frequency index calculation,there are 25 dominant bird species,23 common species and 98 occasional species;in terms of distribution breadth,there are 34 widely distributed bird species,61 moderately distributed bird species and 51 narrowly distributed bird species;in terms of importance value,there are 26 most important bird species,14 relatively important bird species,62 less important bird species and 44 least important bird species.3.Seasonal distribution analysis of bird community species diversity shows that the distribution of species number is:autumn(115 species)>summer(75 species)>spring(70 species)>winter(69 species);the distribution of Shan non-Weiner species diversity index is:autumn(3.044)>summer(2.942)>win ter(2.899)>spring(2.298);the distribution of Pielou evenness index is:winte r(0.685)>summer(0.679)>autumn(0.641)>spring(0.541);the distribution of Simpson dominance index is:spring(0.219)>winter(0.117)>summer(0.096)>autumn(0.089).Habitat distribution analysis of bird community species diversity shows that the distribution of species number is:farmland(94)>tree forest(85)>shrubbery(84)>airport area(72)>wetland(67)>village(28);the distribution of bird individual number is:village(9401)>wetland(6117)>tree forest(4963)>farmland(4598)>airport area(4003)>shrubbery(3080);the distribution of Shannon-Weiner diversity index is:tree forest(3.236)>farmland(3.167)>shrubbery(2.960)>airport area(2.949)>wetland(2.927)>village(1.696);the distribution of Pielou evenness index is:farmland(0.697)>shrubbery(0.668)>village(0.509)>treeforest(0.380)>airportarea(0.356)>wetland(0.336);the distribution of Simpson dominance index is:village(0.248)>wetland(0.100)>shrubbery(0.093)>airport area(0.091)>farmland(0.069)>tree forest(0.059).The results of Jingzhou Shashi Airport bird species diversit y based on G-F index calculation show that the G-F index of Jingzhou Shashi Airport bird community in 3 years is 0.825,among which G index is 4.480 a nd F index is 25.658.4.According to the bird strike risk assessment,there are 8 bird species with extremely high bird strike risk,18 with high bird strike risk,36 with medium bird strike risk,9 with low bird strike risk,and 1 with extremely low bird strike risk.Based on the bird strike risk assessment results,7 bird strike prevention groups were identified,including small ground-dwelling birds,medium and large herons,medium and small migratory sandpipers,medium and large nocturnal birds,medium and small diurnal raptors,medium and small human companion birds,and medium forest birds.5.Based on the results and analysis of the bird survey at Jingzhou Shashi Airport,the following countermeasures for bird strike prevention work are proposed:scientific selection of grassland vegetation in the airport flight area,felling or transformation of poplar forests around the flight area,transformation of agricultural production methods around the flight area,renovation of fish ponds around the flight area,management of grassland vegetation,management of water bodies within the airport,bird avoidance measures for airport buildings,introduction of efficient bird repellent equipment,and combination of Chinese and Western methods to improve bird repellent efficiency.