| The Baili Azalea Scenic Spot is the national scenic spot,which is known worldwide for its large area of wild Rhododendron,and has the reputation of"Earth Color Belt,Azaleas Kingdom".But over the years,the forest vegetation types and spatial distribution patterns are unknown.Ornamental plant composition,seasonal characteristics and spatial distribution pattern is not clear.The features of landscape scenic beauty are unknown,It is Not conducive to scientific planning and rational management of scenic spots.This study is based on the basic principles of landscape ecology,and basis on the forest formations,with ornamental plant diversity and phenological characteristics as the basic content,through the systematic investigation and study,analysis and revelation the characteristics of landscape beauty and space distribution.It provides theoretical basis for scientific planning and rational utilization of scenic spots.Through systematic research,the following conclusions are drawn:(1)the Baili Azalea Scenic Spot mainly consists of three sections:"Pudi-Jinpo-Gamu",“Jiulong hill”and"Yishan lake",with"Pudi","Jin Po","Prairie(Fangjiaping)"this three attractions as the core scenic spot.The main vegetation types are the subalpine evergreen broad-leaved forest and the evergreen broad-leaved mixed forest dominated by Rhododendron.The other areas outside the core scenic spots are the secondary evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest,the Betula luminifera is mainly of deciduous tree species.Among them,the plaque area and the largest proportion of 5 types of forest vegetation are betula luminifera 2466.83 hm~2(33%),Carpinus pubescens 1864.45 hm~2(25%),Rhododendron delavayi 1480.15hm~2(20%),Rhododendron irroratum 257.68 hm~2(3%),Rhododendron stamineum150.82 hm~2(2%).They constitute the main landscape of forest vegetation in the scenic spot.And the aggregate proportion 25%of Rhododendron delavayi,Rhododendron irroratum,Rhododendron stamineum,together constitute the Baili Azalea Scenic Spot characteristic forest vegetation landscape by the“Pudi-Jinpo-Gamu”dominated.(2)In the three area landscape diversity index(SHDI)“Pudi-Jinpo-Gamu”subject area>“Yishan lake”>“Jiulong hill”area,“Pudi-Jinpo-Gamu”subject area subject area is significantly higher than the other two area.Among them,the highest density of the secondary landscape patch density in the“Pudi-Jinpo-Gamu”subject area is the Betula luminifera,Carpinus pubescens,Rhododendron delavayi,and the area of Rhododendron delavayi,,Carpinus pubescens,Rhododendron irroratum is largest and concentrated,with good connectivity and low heterogeneity.The highest density of the secondary landscape patches in jiulongshan area is the abandoned grass,Carpinus pubescens forest,the Betula luminifera forest and the the Pteridofiora,and the connectivity of each patch is poor and the heterogeneity is high.The largest patches in the secondary landscape of the lacustrine area of the yi mountain area are Betula luminifera forest,Rhododendron delavayi forest,the abandoned grass,and Carpinus pubescens,with the average level of each patch and the heterogeneity.(3)There are 130 families,357 genera and 739 species of seed plants in the Baili Azalea Scenic Spot,including 83 families,166 genera and 302 species of ornamental plants,with rich life-form diversity,morphological diversity,color diversity and florescence diversity.Under the leading role of Rhododendron ornamental tourism resources,"Pudi","Jin Po",“Prairie(Fangjiaping)”,“Azalea King”the 4 core scenic spot are disturbed by human disturbance such as tourism management,basically formed by subalpine disturbed climax forest community which is the absolute superiority of Rhododendron such as Rhododendron delavayi,Rhododendron irroratum,Rhododendron agastum,Rhododendron annae,Rhododendron decorum and Rhododendron stamineum Rhododendron.There are 43 species of Rhododendron and 259 other ornamental plants in the scenic area with different colors,phenophase,distributed in the core scenic area,with the absolute superiority of Rhododendron tree species,the sub Alpine disturbance climax forest community,and with other areas outside the core scenic area dominanted by Betula luminifera,Carpinus pubescens secondary deciduous broad-leaved forest,subalpine coniferous forest,together build the complex and diverse forest landscape pattern of the scenic spot.(4)according to the degree of landscape scenic beauty estimation(SBE)evaluation:(1)The landscape Scenic beauty estimation(SBE)values from high to low of 6 evaluation areas in non-flowering period:Baili Azalea lake>Midi river>non-flowering period of Pudi>Dacaoyuan transformation>Grassland Jin Po>Azaleas Kingdom.(2)The landscape degree(SBE)values from high to low of main core scenic spot in Flowering period(march to may)are Jin Po Scenic spot>Pudi Scenic spot>Azaleas Kingdom Scenic spot.(3)The scenic beauty of each scenic spot is higher than that of non-flowering period.(4)The landscape degree(SBE)values from high to low of main core scenic spot in non-flowering period:Pudi Scenic spot>Jin Po Scenic spot>Azaleas Kingdom Scenic spot.(5)The value of landscape Scenic beauty estimation(SBE)before the elevation of the grassland landscape was-26.03,after the elevation was-14.56,the contrast landscape before the elevation and after the elevation is very different and the effect is obvious.In six evaluation area,both"Baili Azalea lake"and"Midi river"assessment area has water.The Rhododendron landscape is far apart from the lake area in"Baili Azalea lake",can't united as one better;the rhododendron distribution characteristic is poor in"Midi river"area,the number of tourists every year of the two evaluation area is significant less than Pudi,Jin Po and Azaleas Kingdom area which have no water landscape azaleas but the characteristic of Rhododendron is obvious,and also less than Dacaoyuan area with partial landscape and small meadow.The number of tourists sequence of evaluation area in flowering period:Jin Po scenic spot>Pudi scenic spot>Azaleas Kingdom Scenic spot.It indicate the beauty of the landscape elements that landscape elements provided,tourists are more inclined to the areas with high views of rhododendrons;landscape resource management and landscape construction should pay attention to the azalea landscape beauty degree of ascension,and further rational layout of tourism layout.At the same time,we should respect the laws of nature,adjust the structure of the forest properly,utilize natural resources rationally,and maintain biological diversity and ecological balance. |
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