Utilisation d'un systeme ERP pour soutenir la realisation d'une ACV

Today, information systems like enterprise resource planning (ERP) are widely used by middle and big companies. This thesis will address the problematic pertaining to the data in life cycle assessments (LCA). More precisely, we will study the opportunity to use an ERP system to support a LCA for the efficient retrieval of appropriate data.;The LCA methodology will first broadly be presented. The present shortcomings encountered in LCA are then presented, as well as the specificities of the different kind of data. It is to be pointed out that the availability and the quality of LCA's data is a major difficulty to which no satisfying solution has been proposed to date.;In the literature review, the ERP and Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) systems have first both briefly been presented. Then, the state-of-the-art of the research in the domain of the integration of these information systems with LCA software have been presented and the different approaches been developed, along with their success factors. Finally, a discussion revealed the shortcomings of these researches.;A case study about a manufacturing company allowed a posteriori to confirm that an ERP system is useful to support an LCA, in particular, for the life cycle inventory (LCI) phase. More precisely, an analysis revealed that almost all data required for the production step LCI were contained in the ERP system. For the supplying and distribution steps, some data contained in the ERP system can be useful. Nevertheless, those data will never cover all the information required for an LCI. The data contained in an ERP system useful for an LCI have then been identified and divided as they are master and transactional data. Afterwards, the link between these data types has been made: on the one hand the ERP data classification (master and transactional data) and on the other hand the LCA data classification (foreground and background data). Lastly, this case study also provides a working basis for conceiving a generic applicable methodology designed to support a manufacturing company for the use of an ERP system to perform an LCA.;The aims of this research are multiple. The first one is to present briefly the LCA. Further, we will investigate how an ERP system can help support conducting an LCA. Finally, a methodology designed to support the use of an ERP system to perform an LCA will be developed.;This methodology is presented in the last chapter. Built in a pragmatic point of view, this generic methodology tends to ease the performance of an LCA by building on the capability of ERP systems to easily and rapidly provide reliable information. In this methodology, there is no need to develop a software prototype. This methodology will therefore answer the needs of manufacturing companies which want to realize an LCA with the most possible efficiency.;This research achieved many contributions. First, an exhaustive literature review provided us with the state-of-the-art of the research in the use of ERP systems to support an LCA. Then, a case study confirmed that an ERP system is useful to support an LCA, and in which case it is useful. Also, we distinguished ERP- and LCA data types and we linked them. Finally, a methodology designed to support a manufacturing company in the use of an ERP system to perform an LCA was presented. Furthermore, this methodology can immediately and generically be implemented.;This research will help to realize an LCA in a manufacturing company more easily, so that it will contribute to the spread of LCA in industry as an everyday business practice.