| Xiangxi State is the sixth national cultural ecological protection experimental area in China,as well as the first national cultural ecological protection experimental area in Hunan province.It is also listed as an important region in the Tourism Development Planning of Eco-cultural Tourism Circle in Western Hunan(2011-2020).With the implementation of the strategy of rural revitalization,rural eco-cultural tourism would undoubtedly become one of the main industries of Rural Revitalization in Xiangxi state.As the active subject of rural eco-cultural tourism,famers would face the opportunities and challenges brought by the development of rural eco-cultural tourism.What types of sustainable livelihood response that farmers would have to rural tourism,how the level of sustainable livelihood response would change,how the degree of sustainable livelihood response would vary,and what are the main factors affecting sustainable livelihood response,have begun to attract the attention of domestic and oversea scholars,and gradually become a new perspective for the study of rural sustainable development.Through case study and extensive field investigation of traditional villages in Xiangxi,we took six traditional tourism villages in Xiangxi as examples,and constructed the evaluation index system of farmers' sustainable livelihood response for eco-cultural tourism in Xiangxi countryside,which were composed of seven primary indicators and 23 secondary indicators.Using participatory rural assessment survey(PRA),we obtained the first-hand data of 327 households in six traditional villages of Xiangxi.The factors were extracted by principal component analysis(PCA),and the sustainable livelihood response types of farmers in Hunan were classified by cluster analysis.Analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was used to calculate the index weights and evaluate the sustainable livelihood response level of different types of farmers.Multiple linear regression method was used to analyze the impact factors of farmers' sustainable livelihood response.The main research results are listed below:(1)There are six types of farmers' sustainable livelihood response in Xiangxi,which are unevenly distributed,the order of number is lagging development,resource dominance,ecological dominance,balanced development,comprehensive response and cultural network.(2)The overall response value is low.The order from high to low is given as comprehensive response type,balanced development type,cultural network type,ecological dominant type,lagging development type and resource dominant type.The responsiveness to livelihood of balanced development,comprehensive response and cultural network is higher than the average;the responsiveness to livelihood of eco-dominant,Resource-Dominant and lagging development is lower than the average.(3)The factor response value is low,among which cultural capital and ecological capital are relatively high,while physical capital,natural capital,social capital,financial capital and human capital are relatively low.In terms of the highest response value,the overall response type is financial capital,the ecological dominant type is material capital,and the other types are cultural capital;in terms of the lowest factor response value,the balanced development type,the ecological dominant type and the cultural network type are human capital,the resource dominant type and the lagging development type are financial capital,and the comprehensive response type is social capital.(4)There are five impact factors for the sustainable livelihood response of farmers in Xiangxi.The order of influence from high to low is given as the number of family members participating in tourism industry,the investment in rural tourism,the number of relatives and friends,family members' participation in social affairs,and the protection degree of national architecture.Finally,this paper provided suggestions for sustainable livelihood improvement of farmers in Xiangxi state from five aspects: guiding farmers to participate actively in rural tourism,increasing investment in rural tourism infrastructure and service facilities,actively utilizing relatives and friends' networking resources,encouraging family members to participate in social affairs,and improving the protection of national architecture,in order to enhance the farmers' livelihood strategy choice in eco-cultural tourism in Xiangxi state. |
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