Comparative Study On The Test Questions Of The National Physics Competition (preliminaries) And Shanghai Senior Three Physics Competition (2014-2018)

The Chinese Physics Olympiad contest for high school students is an important learning evaluation project in high school physics learning,which aims to explore talents for the field of physics research.The Shanghai physics contest aims to stimulate students' interest in learning physics,cultivate quality-oriented education focusing on innovative spirit and practical ability,and promote the connection of Physics Teaching Reform between universities and high schools.The evaluation standard of these two kinds of contest examination is directly related to the practical education goal and the students' lifelong development.Because of the important guiding significance of the contest to the basic teaching work,the difference and connection between the two kinds of examinations and the direction they pay attention to need the basic educators to pay full attention to them.This paper takes the test questions of the Chinese Physics Olympiad preliminary contest(the 31 st to the 35th)and the Shanghai physics contest(the 9th to the 13th)as the research objects.Firstly,starting from the subject knowledge system,this paper briefly analyzes the solutions of ten sets of true test questions of these two kinds of contest papers in the past five years,from which we can understand the knowledge and skills of these two kinds of examinations Then compare the characteristics of each question type from four aspects of knowledge coverage,applicability and experimental ability to find the relevant knowledge and connection.The second level of comparative study is to deconstruct the complexity,recognition and different levels of requirements for physical knowledge and laws from the perspective of cognitive development structure.The specific steps are to classify and analyze the two kinds of competition questions according to the SOLO classification theory,from which we can find the relationship between test design and cognitive development,as well as the different emphases of each test.The results show that the Chinese Physics Olympiad contest and the Shanghai Physics contest have the following characteristics:1.The difference between the Chinese Physics Olympiad contest and the Shanghai Physics contest is not obvious.The proportion of mechanics and electricity is large,and the difficulty is higher than the requirements of optics,thermology and modern physics.The topics of optics,thermology and modern physics are more focused on basic concepts,basic properties,and less involved in complex derivation and calculation.However,these topics are often closely related to the development of physical frontier.2.From the analysis of the two kinds of contest solutions,the physical model in Chinese Physics Olympiad contest is relatively new,the specific calculation is relatively complex,and it pays attention to the integration and expansion of physical knowledge and methods.However,most of the questions in Shanghai Physics contest tend to be basic,few of them have many steps and are difficult to solve.It is more inclined to examine the grasp and application of the basic concepts and laws of physics.3.From the structure level of SOLO classification,the distribution of Chinese Physics Olympiad contest questions is mainly in the multi factor structure level and the related structure level,and a small part of the content belongs to the single factor structure level.The test questions of Shanghai Physics contest are mainly distributed in single factor structure level and multi factor structure level,and a small number of difficult questions will appear in association structure level.The difficulty of Chinese Physics Olympiad contest is higher than that of the contest in Shanghai,and more emphasis is placed on the examination of students' ability to solve problems by using various knowledge in complex situations.The comparative study of the two kinds of Physical contest questions can help more students and teachers to understand the relevant contents of the Physical contest,help teachers and students grasp the characteristics of the contest questions and the examination of the proposition rules,provide some useful enlightenment for the actual teaching work,and help the contest teaching and the preparation for the examination.