Probe Into The Needling Method Of "Lingshu·Official Needle"

Purposes and significance:A relatively complete theoretical and practical system of acupuncture has been built in Huang Di Nei Jing.The theoretical system includes three parts:meridian theory,acupoint theory and technical terminology.The practice system covers acupuncture and moxibustion technique and clinical treatment.The acupuncture and moxibustion technique is very rich in content,recorded mainly in chapters Nine Needles and Twelve Yuan-source points,Explanation to Small Needle,Guan Zhen,On Nine-needle in Lingshu,and Explanation to Needle in Suwen.There are also some discussions scattered in other chapters.Guan Zhen is the only chapter soly about acupuncture techniques in Huang Di Nei Jing,which has explained the acupuncture techniques in detail and has an important influence on the evolution of the techniques and needles to later generations.This study combed the study of Guan Zhen chapter in Lingshu Jing for the purpose of excavating the core idea of Huang Di Nei Jing acupuncture techniques,expounding the specific manipulations and connotation of various acupuncture techniques,so as to provide theoretical support for acupuncture clinical practice,the development and application of new needles and the standardization of acupuncture.Methods:1.Applyling the literature,hermeneutic,inductive and summerizing methods,this study takes the version of Lingshu Jing and Su Wen published by the People's Health Publishing House as the objects of study.In addition,Huang Di Nei Jing Tai Su published by TCM Ancient Books Publishing House,Lei Jing and Huang Di Nei Jing Lingshu Jing Zhu Zheng Fa Wei published by Beijing Xueyuan Publishing House,and Huang Di Nei Jing Ling Shu Ji Zhu published by Shanxi Science and Technology Publishing House were referred in this study.By focusing on the text of Guan Zhen as the research point,this study has referred to the interpretations of various versions to it,and mined further the manipulation methods,ideas and clinical application fields of acupuncture techniques in it by referring to Nine Needles and Twelve Yuan-source Points and On Nine-needle in Lingshu and Explanation to Needle in Su Wen.2.Applying historical research method,this study has referred to some books on the studying of the materials and forms of the nine needles from the perspective of archaeology,including Chinese Archaeology edited by Liu Li and Chen Xingcan,General Introduction to Chinese Archaeology edited by Zhang Zhiheng,Shi Wei Li Chong by Xu Jian,and The Outline of Chinese Arms and Culture by Xiao Xiaoqing,as well as Wang Zhen Nong Shu by Wang Zhen in Yuan dynasty.At the same time,this study looked up the journals,articles and ancient and modern literature related to Guan Zhen on the fifth edition of Chinese Medical Dictionary,China Knowledge Network Index(CNKI)and other literature databases,and also Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Library.Content of study:This study mainly analyzed the following aspects after reviewing and summarizing the modern research literatures about Guan Zhen:(1)Overview of Guan ZhenUpon the study of the original meaning of the word Guan in Guan Zhen and the annotations of doctors along the history,it is considered in this study that the word Guan in Guan Zhen is the most appropriate to be a noun,and that there are two meanings of Guan Zhen.One is the established and officially recognized theory about acupuncture practice standards,the other is the recognized needles and acupuncture techniques by officials and doctors at that time.There are 6 chapters named after Zhen(needle)in Su Wen,while Guan Zhen is the only one specifically about acupuncture techniques,it describes the techniques include nine needling,twelve needling and five needling,which are the summary of acupuncture techniques and are not referred in other chapters.These acupuncture techniques not only provide specific acupuncture methods for clinical treatment,but also a significant guidance of the application and development of it for the later generations.It also contains the theory of acupuncture and moxibustion in Huang Di Nei Jing,which deserves further study.(2)Nine needles and their indicationsFrom combing Bian stone,the predecessor of needles,this study analyzed the ancient needles,and outlined the evolution process of the needles in terms of shapes and materials.Referring to the Nine Needles and Twelve Yuan-source Points,Guan Zhen and On Nine needles of Lingshu,this study also combed the shape characteristics,manipulation methods and clinical application of the nine needles,and explained the needle-making ideas of the nine needles and its theory.(3)Acupuncture techniques in Guan ZhenUpon combing the meanings,manipulation methods and indications of nine needling,twelve needling,five needling and three-step needling,concluding their similarities and differance,this study categorize the techniques in Guan Zhen into three,which are acupuncture based on disease location,acupuncture based on disease nature,and acupuncture on acupoints,and further divided the techniques of acupuncture based on disease location into five-tissue acupuncture,three-layer acupuncture and focal acupuncture,in order to provide a more clear,precise and convenient way of acupuncture treatment for clinical use.(4)The Influence of Guan Zhen on Later GenerationsGuan Zhen is the only chapter solely about the acupuncture techniques in Huang Di Nei Jing,which is a summary of the techniques in the period of Huang Di Nei Jing.This study sorted out the modern needles and the reinforcing and reducing methods on different layers in later generations to classify their relation with Guan Zhen,and explained further that Guan Zhen has played an important role in the inheritance of needles,acupuncture techniques and clinical practice to later generations.Conclusion:(1)The standard of acupuncture techniques in Huangdi Neijing era was recorded in the chapter of Guanzhen,and the standard of needles was recorded in Jiuzhen Shieryuan and Jiuzhen Lun,which became the sources of acupuncture tools and techniques.Guanzhen was an important chapter of acupuncture techniques in Huangdi Neijing.(2)The descriptions of the indications of the nine needles and the 26 kinds of manipulation in Lingshu Guanzhen standardize the indication and manipulation methods of needles.(3)Lingshu Guanzhen builds the foundation and provides the thought of the innovation of needle tools and manipulation techniques.