Design And Implementation Of Microcontroller Based On RISC-V Instruction Set Architecture

In the coming era of intelligent interconnection,the concept of "Internet of Everything" brings a wide imagination to the application of microcontrollers,and also brings new challenges to the design and development of microcontrollers: on the one hand,the Internet of Things has increasingly higher requirements for the chip's data calculation,processing,and transmission capabilities;on the other hand,complex and diverse application scenarios have brought the chip with low power consumption and low price requirements.At present,the mainstream instruction set on the market has become inadequate in the market environment under the new situation due to the difficulty of development,high input costs,and long development time,while the RISC-V instruction set architecture,with its characteristics of open source,free,low development difficulty,and strong comprehensive performance,has injected new ideas and strength into the research and development of microcontrollers in the era of IoT.The microcontroller implemented in this paper uses a core based on the RISC-V.It fully utilizes and modifies the existing IP cores in the process of implementing each module,and emphasizes the coordinated design of the software platform and the hardware platform.The AXI bus and the APB bus are used as the high-speed bus and the low-speed bus of the microcontroller.The high-speed module and the low-speed module are mounted on them respectively,so that the modules with different speeds in the system can be interconnected,which plays the role of connecting the entire system and finally realizes the integration of MCU system.After completing the architecture design of the system,this design has built a platform to test and verify the microcontroller.First,the correctness of the CPU is verified,including the test of RISC-V basic instructions and the test of running high-level language programs;the second is the test of each peripheral module,According to the function and timing characteristics of each module,we have written different test programs to simulate and test the SPI controller,GPIO controller and other modules to ensure the correctness of the function of each module itself and the correctness of interaction between the modules.Finally,after completing all the design and verification work,we conducted a logical synthesis of the microcontroller based on the SMIC 130 nm manufacturing process,and conducted a physical design of the microcontroller based on the netlist file obtained from the synthesis,which includes floorplan,placement of standard cells,clock tree synthesis and routing.Finally,we obtained the layout of the microcontroller and successfully tape it out,which providing a good idea and practical reference for the design and implementation of the microcontroller system based on the RISC-V.