The Application Of Classical Writing Critiques In Classical Chinese Teaching In Middle School

This paper was aimed to explore the value of classical writing critiques to contemporary teaching of writings in classical Chinese.Starting with a discussion about characteristics of classical writing critiques,the paper presented that classical writing critiques are"organically connected with writings"in essence and boast five advantageous features,and found out their significance of reference to the contemporary teaching of writings in classical Chinese.Furthermore,it was discussed in detail how to apply classical writing critiques in teaching writings in classical Chinese.Meanwhile,Chinese literary critiques were flourishing in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,when Records of the Historian was a prominent object in critiques.Moreover,lots of writings from Records of the Historian have been collected in the Chinese textbook for middle schools.This paper started with critiques of Records of the Historian(Shi Ji),in the hope of providing typical cases for exploring the contemporary value of classical critiques.This paper mainly explored the enlightening significance of classical writing critiques in three aspects,through a case study of critiques on Records of the Historian in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.In terms of critique methods,this paper described two critique methods for Records of the Historian,namely "interpretation based on comprehension" and "imagery critiques",and discussed their application in the teaching of writings in classical Chinese,to present three major points of view.First,in practical teaching,"interpretation based on comprehension" should be applied by grasping the relationship between "words" and"meanings",to avoid falling into the trap of formalism.Second,"interpretation based on comprehension"should be combined with the understanding of people and discussions about social contexts,to reduce errors in teaching and interpretation.Last,the method of"imagery critiques"introduced into classroom teaching,for evaluating whole writings or analyzing details in text,can help students understand the writings and perceive the charm of classical language.As for critique forms,accprding to the stylistic rules and layout of Ling Zhilong's Collected Critiques of Records of the Historian(Shi Ji Ping Lin),this paper expounded seven critique forms,and explored the application of such forms in the teaching of writings in classical Chinese.The author holds that the form of an overall critique before the critique of text can be used for reference,to solve students' difficulty in adaptation at the beginning of applying critique teaching by designing a procedure of making preparation and general critiques.Besides,other critique forms can also be borrowed to improve the efficiency of critique teaching.In the aspect of applying critique language,as the potential of applying critique language resources is underestimated currently,this paper illustrates the flexible use of critique language in the reading and appreciation,and extensive exploration.In reading classes,critique language can be applied directly or used through ingenious transformation.Last,the author believes that critique language does not play its role independently but together with the application of methods and forms in class,and has illustrated this with cases.