The Willingness And Incentive Countermeasures For Women Of Child-Bearing Age Under The "Comprehensive Two-Child" Policy

The fifth plenary session of the 18th communist party of China(CPC)central committee has decided to fully implement the policy of allowing one couple to have two children from January 1,2016.This is another adjustment made by the party and the government to China’s population development strategy under the macro background of the deepening degree of population aging,the poor effect of the policy of "having two children alone",the increasingly serious problem of "losing one child"and the imbalance of male and female ratio.However,the implementation effect of the "universal two-child policy" is obviously lower than the expected level.Since 2016,the national birth rate has been declining year by year.In 2019,the birth rate will be the lowest since the founding of China.As the absolute carrier of the reproductive process,the fertility intention of women of childbearing age plays a key role in the implementation of the policy.Therefore,through in-depth understanding of women of childbearing age’s desire to have a second child and its influencing factors,and in view of the shortcomings in the current policy implementation process,this paper proposes encouraging countermeasures,which will provide a reference for the decision making of the more effective implementation of the "comprehensive two-child" policy.Based on the widely read fertility intentions,the policy effect,incentive measures,etc,on the basis of related literature,in maoming,deals with the second child of 510 women of childbearing age fertility intention questionnaire investigation,and selected 10 representative survey object depth interview,statistical analysis software using SPSS 19.0 on questionnaire data for statistical analysis.The results show that the implementation of the "universal two-child policy" to some extent stimulates the second child fertility intention of women of child-bearing age,but it has no significant incentive effect.In terms of the influencing factors of second child fertility intention,it was found that education background,occupation,ideal number of children,number of existing children,parents’ support for child care,and fertility intention before the promulgation of the policy positively affected the second child fertility intention of women of child-bearing age,while the age of women of child-bearing age negatively affected the second child fertility intention.The younger the woman of childbearing age,the higher the educational background,the self-employed,the more children the ideal number is,the more children the family has,the more parents support the child care,and the stronger the will before the policy promulgation,the higher the second child fertility will be.At the same time,through interviews,it is found that women of child-bearing age have a strong demand for the state to introduce supportive policies to encourage two-child bearing,among which the policy of early child care and the policy of two-child bearing allowance are the most concerned.The government should further formulate and improve supportive policies to fully stimulate the desire of women of childbearing age to have a second child.Based on the empirical analysis,this paper proposes six incentive strategies to improve the fertility intention of women of childbearing age to have a second child.We will improve policies to ensure women’s employment;Improving the maternity security system;Establishing the economic security mechanism for two-child families;Building a child care service system;Establish and improve the work-family balance mechanism.