| Background: Hearing loss is one of the chronic non-communicable diseases that can affect the quality of life.Dietary nutrition can help people improve their hearing condition.In particular,the intake of micronutrients such as iron and magnesium has a good influence on the prevention of hearing loss.At present,there are few studies and practical applications of health management service for hearing loss in China.However,the increasing prevalence of hearing loss has greatly increased the necessity of its health management model.Objectives: To understand the current status of residents' hearing loss and their iron and magnesium nutrition levels.To analyze the correlation between hearing threshold and hearing loss and iron and magnesium levels.To explore and construct a hearing loss health management,in order to lay a theoretical foundation for hearing loss health management services.Methods: In this study,3,500 samples were collected from medical institutions in Hangzhou,Jiaxing,and Quzhou,Zhejiang Province.After rigorous screening,3,267 subjects over 18 years of age were included.Three models were established in multi-factor analysis.Model 1 adjusted the age,marital status,education level,income,family history of hearing loss and hypertension of the subjects.Model 2 was based on Model 1,then smoking,drinking and sleep time were adjusted;Model 3 was based on Model 2 and adjusted for both occupational noise exposure and life noise exposure.In addition,through the literature survey method,the “confidential self-health” health management model was used to propose a hearing loss health management approach from four aspects: quantitative monitoring and management,health education,individualized guidance,and organizational experience exchange.Results:(1)The prevalence of low,speaking and high frequency hearing loss in Zhejiang residents were 40.40%,36.10% and 53.80%,respectively.The iron and magnesium levels were 7.59±1.02mmol/L and 1.46±0.14mmol/L,respectively.(2)Iron levels were related to age,gender,marital status,and education level,and magnesium levels were related to age,gender,and work noise exposure.(3)The prevalence of low,speaking and high frequency hearing loss was different in age,marital status,education,income,family history of hearing loss,hypertension,smoking,alcohol consumption,sleep time,exposure to life noise,exposure to work noise,and distribution of iron and magnesium levels were all statistically significant.(4)Both elevated levels of iron and magnesium can reduce the low-frequency hearing threshold,and there is a dose-response relationship between the iron level and the low-frequency hearing threshold;at the frequency and high frequencies,the iron and magnesium levels can also be lowered.The hearing threshold has a dose-response relationship.At high frequencies,the highest levels of magnesium and iron can reduce the hearing threshold of 3.047% and 6.419%,respectively,after adjusting for all confounding factors.(5)Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that after adjusting for all confounding factors,the highest level of magnesium can reduce the risk of high frequency hearing loss by 55.4% compared with the lowest level;the highest level of iron can reduce the low frequency hearing of 36.3%.Loss of disease risk and 56% of the frequency of hearing loss risk,and have a dose-response relationship;especially at high frequencies,the highest level of iron levels reduced the risk of hearing loss to14.6%.Conclusion: The hearing loss of residents in Zhejiang Province is still very serious.There is a correlation between hearing loss and the levels of iron and magnesium.Good iron and magnesium micronutrient levels contribute to the prevention of hearing loss.Since iron and magnesium in the human body mainly depend on external food intake,the micronutrient balance is rationalized to the dietary structure,and combined with the knowledge of health management,a hearing loss health management approach is proposed. |
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