| Objective: To carry out surveys of eating behavior, dietary structure of eating away-from-home among Tianjin residents, and knowledge-attitude-practice among restaurant workers and diners, adopt comprehensive nutrition intervention, and analyzed the effect of intervention. To find the unreasonable eating behavior and dietary structure of outdoor eating, the weaknesses of nutrition propaganda, explore the scientific and effective nutrition intervention model for outdoor eating, provide the basis for government departments to draft and adjust health policy.Methods: 1. Adopt Stratified cluster random sampling to extract 850 diners from different types of restaurants in Tianjin; 2. Select two full-service restaurants with similar level and condition, one as the intervention restaurant, and the other as the contrast restaurant. Comprehensive nutrition intervention was carried out in the intervention restaurant for one year while the control was not. Choose randomly 200 more respondents(including diners and restaurant workers) in each restaurant before and after the nutrition intervention, to survey knowledge-attitude-practice among diners and restaurant workers; 3. Choose one full-service restaurant as the intervention restaurant in Tianjin, and carried out comprehensive nutrition intervention in the intervention restaurant for one year, did dietary survey among diners before and after the nutrition intervention. We analyzed the changes of all kinds of food and nutrients intakes before and after the intervention by gathering order list of dishes. Data management and analysis were done by using SPSS 11.5,and statistical methods like chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test were used for data analysis.Result: 1. The proportion of three meals and two meals a day were 89.9% and 9.1%,7.4% of respondents did not ate breakfast; The proportion of the breakfast, lunch and dinner eating at home were 55.4%, 39.0% and 55.4%; The proportion of the breakfast,lunch and dinner eating away-from-home were 44.6%, 61.0% and 17.0%,respondents ate breakfast and lunch mostly in the canteen, and ate dinner mostly in the restaurant.They often eating out of home with family and friends, The Chinese restaurant was first choose(87.4%). 2. The awareness of restaurant worker and dinersabout The dietary guidelines and balanced diet pagoda for China residents was low.The awareness of restaurant service staffs,chefs and diners about The dietary guidelines were 11.1%, 0.0%, 4,4% in the intervention restaurant, the corresponding proportion were 11.4%, 0.0%, 5.0% in the control restaurant. There were 21.6% and16.5% of diners who like salty food, 58.9% and 55.0% of diners who chose food depending more on the taste of dishes, 59.3% and 51.4% of restaurant service staffs who had guided customers to choose healthy and nutritious food, 19.0% and 30.0%of restaurant chefs cooking with less salt and oil in the intervention and control restaurant. After the intervention, the awareness of restaurant service staffs,chefs and diners about The dietary guidelines were 100.0%, 100.0%, 16.3% in the intervention restaurant,the corresponding proportion were 11.4%, 0.0%, 5.0% in the control restaurant. There were 16.3% and 18.0% of diners who like salty food, 57.9% of diners choosing food depending more on the nutrition and health functionand and47.0% of diners choosing food depending more on the taste of dishes, 100.0% and57.1% of restaurant service staffs who had guided customers to choose healthy and nutritious food, 100.0% and 35.0% of restaurant chefs cooking with less salt and oil in the intervention and control restaurant. After the intervention, awareness of restaurant worker and diners were significantly improved in the intervention restaurant. The awareness of restaurant worker and diners were not seen obviously improved in the contrast restaurant. 3. Compared with the daily recommended intake before the intervention,grains, fruits, eggs, and milk intake were lower, lunch grain and beans intake were 44.7g and 10.8 g, meats, fish, shrimp and salt intake were larger, meats intake at lunch and dinner were 105.2g and 138.6g, salt intake were 3.1g and 4.0g; energy, protein, fat and cholesterol intake were larger, dinner energy intake was 1119.2 kcal, fiber, retinol and vitamin C intake were lower. Compared with eating at home, beans, vegetables, poultry and fishery products intake were larger,grains, fruits, eggs, and milk intake were lower, protein, fat, cholesterol, vitamin, Ca,Fe, Zn and Se intake were lager. After the intervention, lunch beans, fruits and eggs intake increased, beans intake increased from10.8g to 16.7g, salt intake decreased from 3.1g to 2.7g; Carbohydrates, thiamin and riboflavin intake increased, the intake of fat and cholesterol decreased. The intake of meat, fish and salt respectivelydecreased from 138.6g, 136.4g, 4.0g to 67.5g, 85.9g, 2.2g at dinner, intake of cholesterol decreased obviously from 320.3mg to 247.2mg.Conclusion: There were unreasonable eating behavior among Tianjin residents, the proportion of two meals per day was higher, especially for the highest percentage of breakfast skipping; The proportion of residents ate outdoor for breakfast and lunch.The awareness of nutrition knowledge of restaurant workers and diners were low.Dietary structure was unreasonable while eating away-from-home. Intake of grain,eggs, fruits and milk were low, intake of the meat, poultry, fish and salt were too high,leading to high energy, high protein, high fat, high cholesterol and high salt diet;Inadequate intake of carbon compounds, dietary fiber, retinol and vitamin C. After the comprehensive nutrition intervention, knowledge-attitude-practice of restaurant workers and diners about nutrition were improved obviously; Intake of beans, fruits and eggs increases, intake of meat, poultry, fish and salt decreased while eating away-from-home; Intake of carbohydrates, thiamin and riboflavin increased, intake of fat and cholesterol decreases. Comprehensive nutrition intervention had achieved good effect. Suggest that the government should formulate relevant policy to create supportive environment, strengthen propaganda of nutrition health education,encourage residents to eat breakfast, guide the reasonable diet while eating away-from-home. |
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