Study On Hearing Loss Status And Health Management Countermeasures Of Urban Residents In Zhejiang Province

1 ObjectivesIn this study,hearing loss questionnaires and hearing tests were conducted on residents aged 25 and older in five districts of Hangzhou,Quzhou,Jiaxing,Lishui,and Huzhou in Zhejiang Province to understand the current status of hearing loss in Zhejiang Province.Then explore the relevant factors that affect the hearing loss of Zhejiang residents.Aiming at the unique situation of hearing loss in Zhejiang Province,we propose targeted prevention and control recommendations and provide policy support and data support for related departments.2 Methods(1)Site investigation:This study used a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method to select representative permanent residents of Hangzhou,Ganzhou,Jiaxing,Lishui,and Huzhou who were older than 25 years old as survey objects..A self-designed"Zhejiang Resident’s Hearing Status Questionnaire"was used to conduct a questionnaire survey to collect information.The main contents of the questionnaire are:basic demographic information,family history and genetic history,history of illness,life behavior,working environment,and hearing awareness.Audiences were surveyed in the listening room and were tested for pure tone listening at 125 Hz,250 Hz,500 Hz,1000 Hz,2000 Hz,3,000 Hz,4000 Hz,6,000 Hz,and 8000 Hz.The average value of 125HZ,250HZ,and 500HZ of the left and right ear was calculated as a low-frequency hearing aid;the mean value of 1000HZ and 2000HZ was an intermediate-frequency hearing aid,and the mean value of 3000HZ,4000HZ,6000HZ,and 8000HZ was a high-frequency hearing aid.(2)Mathematical statistics:Double data entry using Epidata 3.1 software,SPSS20.0 statistical software for data analysis:low frequency,vocal frequency and high frequency listening>25dB HL as the criterion for hearing loss and set it as the dependent variable;Taking the factors such as age,gender,education level,income level,smoking and drinking as independent variables,using descriptive analysis,χ~2 test and t-test to analyze the status of hearing loss in Zhejiang Province;using single factor analysis and orderly multi-category Logistic regression analysis.To study the related factors of hearing loss in Zhejiang residents,P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.3 Results(1)In this survey,a total of 4745 questionnaires were distributed,and 4385 valid questionnaires were collected.The effective recovery rate was 92.4%.Of these,2230(50.9%)were males and 2155(49.1%)were females.The number and prevalence of low-frequency hearing loss in the left and right ear were 1218(28.8%)and 1160(26.2%)respectively;the number and prevalence of hearing loss in left and right ears were 1163(26.4%),respectively.,1069(24.2%);patients with high frequency hearing loss and the prevalence of hearing loss were 1751(39.8%),1562 people(35.3%).Severity of hearing loss:Residents with mild hearing loss in the left ear had 76.3%,77.4%,and 56.4%of the total hearing loss in their respective frequency bands;residents with mild hearing loss in the right ear had low and high frequency hearing loss.They accounted for 79.4%,74.8%and 57.8%of the total hearing loss in their respective frequency bands.In addition,the proportion of minor losses gradually decreased from medium to high and from high frequencies to high frequencies.(2)The results of single-factor analysis show that the hearing loss of residents in Zhejiang Province is related to various factors and the influence factors of different frequency bands are different.Age,Marital Status,Education,Income,High Blood Pressure,High Blood Fat,Diabetes,High Cholesterol,Migraine,Smoking,Number of Smoking,Years of Smoking,Secondhand Smoke,Drinking,Type and Number of Drinking,Drinking,Drinking History,Sleep Duration,earphone volume,daily intake of 500g of fruits and vegetables,physical exercise,work environment,noise,listening,attention to hearing protection,knowledge about hearing protection,hearing loss,and prevention of hearing loss The degree of understanding of the method is related to these factors.(3)The results of multi-factor analysis showed that:The protective factors of hearing loss are:university or above education level,daily intake of fruits and vegetables over 500g,1-2 times of physical exercise per week,attention and great attention to hearing protection knowledge,We think that it is necessary to carry out regular medical examinations to understand 6-7points of early hearing loss and 6-7 points of prevention of hearing loss.Risk factors:high age,divorce,divorce,marital status,high blood pressure,diabetes,migraine,current smoking,current alcohol consumption,secondhand smoke exposure more than 5 days per week,drinking history greater than 15 years,daily less than 6 hours More than 80%of the volume and working environment when sleeping,using headphones,are affected by noise more than once a day.4 ConclusionThe prevalence of hearing loss in Zhejiang residents is high.The prevalence of hearing loss in the three frequency bands is above 20%,and the prevalence of high-frequency band is even as high as 35%,which should cause concern.The hearing loss of Zhejiang residents is related to multiple factors such as life behavior factors,environmental factors and cognitive conditions.Prevention and treatment of hearing loss should start from many aspects.There are many risk factors for hearing loss in Zhejiang residents and there are differences due to different frequency bands.Prevention of hearing loss should start with these risk factors and vary with frequency bands.