| Objective to understand the epidemiological data and basic situation of primary enuresis among children and adolescents in Qingdao,and to provide relevant data for the education and improvement of diagnosis and treatment of enuresis in this area.Methods In December 2017-February 2018 by stratified and cluster random sampling method,2550 in Qingdao city 4 ~ 18 years old children and adolescents,questionnaire survey,to summarize effective questionnaire and statistical analysis,analyzing the characteristic of the incidence of childhood idiopathic nocturia,enuresis,family history,living habits,parents' attitudes and behavior and to children and parents quality of life and medical effects of physical and mental development,etc.Resule A total of 2,519 children and adolescents were included in this study,among which103 were diagnosed with primary enuresis,with a total prevalence of 4.09%,including5.35% for boys,3.02% for girls,and 1.94:1 for girls.The prevalence of boys was significantly higher than that of girls,and the difference was statistically significant(X2=7.67,P < 0.01).The prevalence of enuresis in children aged 5-6 years is 18.33%,9.47%,6.65%,6.02% and 4.89%,respectively.The prevalence of enuresis in children aged ~ 11 years was 3.76%,and that in children aged ~ 12 years was 1.39%.The prevalence of enuresis in children aged ~ 14 years was 1.08%.The prevalence of enuresis in children aged ~ 16 years was 0.27%.The prevalence of enuresis in children aged ~ 18 years was 0.48%.The prevalence of enuresis decreased with age.There was no significant difference in the prevalence of primary enuresis between han and minority children and adolescents and between parents and non-parents.In the enuresis group,the proportion of parents with college education or above was 64.08%;in the non-enuresis group,the proportion of parents with college education or above was 50.87%,and the difference was statistically significant(X2=6.90,P=0.009).The average age of patients with primary enuresis was 8.01 years 2.214 years,and the median age was 7 years.Eighty-eight patients(85.44%)and 15 patients(14.56%)with mild to moderate enuresis(enuresis frequency 4 times/week)and severe enuresis(enuresis frequency > 4 times/week)were in the range of 5 to 11 years old.There were 77 cases(74.78%)of patients with single symptom enuresis and 26 cases(25.20%)of patients with non-single symptom enuresis.There were 24 cases(23.30%)of family history of enuresis among the first and second degree relatives.Six(25.00%)children with family history of severe enuresis and nine(10.13%)children without family history of moderate and severe enuresis were among the first and second degree relatives,the former was significantly higher than the latter,and the difference was statistically significant(X2=3.86,P <0.05).During the day,there were 4 cases of wet clothes and trousers,and 27 cases of lower urinary tract symptoms or/and constipation(25.23%).87 cases(81.31%)were in the habit of drinking beverages,water or fruits with high water content within 2 hours before going to bed,and 27 cases(27.21%)were in the habit of enuresis due to the occurrence or aggravation of some emotional events(such as tiredness,moving house,transfer to another school,parents' quarrel,school violence,etc.)that affected children's mood.Only 14.95% of the children had ever sought medical treatment.The scores of parents' and children's life troubles in the severe enuresis group were significantly higher than those in the mild to moderate enuresis group,and the scores of parents' sleep troubles in the severe enuresis group were significantly higher than those in the light to moderate enuresis group.The influence of enuresis on the school performance of children with severe enuresis is higher than that of children with mild to moderate enuresis.In the severe enuresis group,53.33% of the parents blamed or beat their children for bed-wetting,which was significantly higher than that in the mild to moderate enuresis group(31.82%).Conclusion(1)The overall prevalence of primary enuresis in children and adolescents aged5 to 18 years in Qingdao is 4.09%,and the prevalence of enuresis gradually decreases with age.Among them,the ages from 5 to 6 years old are the highest(18.33%),followed by 7years old(9.47%),8 years old(6.65%),9 years old(6.02%),and 10 years old(4.89%).The total prevalence of primary enuresis in males was higher than that in females,with a ratio of1.94:1 male to female.(2)Single-symptom enuresis accounted for 74.78%,while non-single-symptom enuresis accounted for 25.20%.Family history of enuresis accounted for23.30% in the first and second degree relatives.The positive rate of family history of enuresis in the severe enuresis group was significantly higher than that in the mild to moderate enuresis group.(3)The enuresis children have different degrees of psychological problems,which seriously affect the quality of life of the children and their parents;(4)Parents do not pay enough attention to the disease,and the consultation rate is very low.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the popularization and education of enuresis related knowledge. |
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