| Enuresis or "bedwetting" is probably the most common developmental disorder in children. Enuresis is defined as the involuntary voiding of urine on at least 1-3 nights per month, beyond the age (5 years) at which bladder control is normally obtained in the absence of congenital or acquired defects of the urinary tract. Primary enuresis is defined as a enuresis in a child who has never gained nocturnal urinary control. Clinically, primary enuresis is usually divided into monosymptomatic and complicated primary enuresis (MPE and CPE) according to whether bedwetting is the only symptom or is associated with urinary urgency, squatting, diurnal incontinence .For a long time, parents and clinical doctors could not attach importance to enuresis in children. They considered it to be a delay in the development of urinary control and need no treatment, and to be spontaneous cure. It is still unclear that incidences and aetiology and pathophsiology of enuresis. In the last decade, along with investigative study, many scholars think that enuresis can cause some serious problems of usual social intercourse and mental state, is extremely disadvantageous to the complete personality formation and the healthy mental state .Epidemiological studies indicated that the prevalence of enuresis in Euro-America was similar while it was different in Asia.Bedwetting rate in Hong Kong was lower than that in Phenotypes. However, in our country it is still unclear what is the prevalence of enuresis and lacking of pre-schoolchildren investigative data of bedwetting and its related factors. For this, we investigated 2387 children who are 1-6 years old fromseven kindergartens and one children health center in Zheng-zhou city from December 2003 to February 2004. to obtain bedwetting condition and the related factors of pre-school children.Studies suggested that bladder dysfunction might be a cause of primary nocturnal enuresis( PNE) occurrence. Although there were many reports about the pathologic physiology research of the bladder, the conclusion was conflicting. An urodynamic's check is a main method to show bladder and urethral function at present. The urodynamic records of 156 children with primary nocturnal enuresis were reviewed. Primary enuresis was divided into monosymptomatic and complicated primary enuresis (MPE and CPE). The differences of urodynamic parameters were compared between two types. The main objective of this thesis is to explore the urodynamic abnormalities of children with primary nocturnal enuresis and to assess the value of urodynamic studyin diagnosis.Part one: Epidemiological investigation of enuresis in pre-school aged childrenSeven kindergartens and one children health center were randomly selected in zheng zhou city. Questionnaire form was designed by consulting the international children' s continence Society ( ICCS) definition and standardization in enuresis. Investigation was carried out by the professional doctors. Of the 2530 questionnaires distributed, 83. 7%(221 5/2530) were completed effectively. The telephone interviewed 269 children. We investigated totally 2387 children who are l~6years old pre-shcool children, 1227 boys and 1 160 grils from December 2003 to February 2004.This study showed the male incidence of bedwetting in 1-6 year-old child set decreased from 49.59% to 12.85%, the average bedwetting rate was 18.74%; the female incidence of bedwetting in 1~6 year-old child set decreased from 50% to 9.26%, the average bedwetting rate was 15. 6%. Through the x2 examination, the significant differences (P<0.05)was showed. The male bedwetting rate was obviously higher than female, the bedwetting rate both male and female decreasing with the increasing age . Through the trend x 2 examination,the trend of descent having obviously significance (PO.0001). the retrospective investigation showed bedwetting rate was 68.88%,40.57%, 26.97%,23.54%,22.25%.21.44% respectively in 1-6 years old set, with the increasing age but lower gradually. Related factors included age, sex, genetic factors, sle...
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