| Study one Factors for work-family interface from the perspective of ecologyObjective:The aim of this study was to explore the factors that influence the level of work-family conflict and work-family enhancement from the perspectives of ecology which includes the factors from personal demographic,family settings and work settings.Methods:This study was conduct from April to July in 2018.We adopted multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method and selected four top three hospitals from four cities which belong to four economic levels respectively in Shandong province,and then we selected departments,all nurses who met the standards in the departments were included in the questionnaire survey.Survey tools include general information questionnaire,work family balance questionnaire,big five personality questionnaire,MIDUS questionnaire(measuring spouse support),Merideth Ferguson spouse stress transmission item,Whitehall ? questionnaire(measuring job support),role overload scale and job-related quality of life scale.A total of 1,800 questionnaires were issued,and 1670 valid ones were retrieved,with an effective rate of 92.78%,and 1032 nurses were married.Data were analyzed using SPSS.Statistical methods included:common method deviation test,descriptive analysis,independent sample t test,analysis of variance.Pearson correlation analysis,and multiple linear regression analysis.Results:1.The scores of social psychology variables of nurses were investigated,the score of work to family conflict were 11.62±3.69,work to family enhancement were 8.54±2.73,family to work conflict were 8.64±3.24,and the score of family to work enhancement were 10.80±2.72.2.The results of univariate analysis showed that level of work to family conflict was higher for those who has oldest child was more than 5 years old(F=10.945,P<0.001),has higher frequence of night shift(F=4.933,P<0.01)and has longer working years(F=16.092,P<0.001)· From family to work direction,the conflict level of Han nurses was significantly higher than that of ethnic minorities(t=2.322,P<0.05),while the enrichment level was lower(t=-2.441,.P<0.05).And the work to family and family to work conflict level of nurses and nurse-in-charge was higher(F-5.957,P<0.01;F=4.185,P<0.01)than others.3.Work to family conflict and family to work conflict were negatively correlated with spouse support(r1=-0.242,P<0.01;r2=-0.289,P<0.01),work support(r1=-0.242,P<0.01;r2=-0.212,P<0.01),job control(r1=-0.355,P<0.01;r2=-0.279,P<0.01)and were correlated with personality(all P<0.01).Work to family enrichment and family to work enrichment were also correlated to personality(all P<0.01),spouse support(r3=.138,P<0.O1;r4=0.207,P<0.01),work support(r3=0.171,P<0.01;r4=-0.074,P<0.01),job control(r3=0.291,P<0.01;r4=1.199,P<0.01).4.In the regression model,work-family interface(work to family conflict,work to family enrichment,family to work conflict,family to work enrichment)were used as the dependent variable,individual characteristics,woric and family factors as the independent variable,the results showed that for the work to family interface,agreeableness and neuroticism in personal characteristics could affect the results;in family settings,spousal support was the factor for family to work conflict(#=-0.098,t=-2.911)and enhancement(?=0.126,t=3.442).In the work settings,work load and work control are the influencing factors of work-family interface.Conclusion:1· Nurses'work to family conflict level was higher than the general population,while work to family enhancement was also significantly higher than the general population.2.Work to family conflict and family to work conflict were negatively correlated with spouse support,work support and job control.Work to family enrichment and family with work enrichment were positively correlated to spouse support and work support.3.Individual characteristics cannot affect work-family conflict or enhancement experience alone,and it work together with family or work factors to the work-family interface.Study two The dyadic influence of work-family interface to positive and negative emotion in nurse couplesObjective:This study investigated the effects of work-family conflict and enhancement on positive and negative emotion of nurse couples,and then to provide suggestions for promoting the work-family balance of nurses in China.Methods:The method of systematic stratified sampling was cond(?)cted in this study to select nurses and their spouses from four top three hospitals in Shandong province.Survey questionnaires were administered to collect democratic and related information,which were used to measure work-family balance,positive emotion and negative emotion.There were 1032 married nurses,and 827 spouses completed the questionnaires.SPSS22.0 and Mplus7.0 were used for data analysis.Statistical methods included:common method deviation test,descriptive analysis,variance analysis,Pearson correlation analysis and structural equation model.Results:1.The score of nurse's work to family conflict were significantly higher than that of spouse's(t=13.828,P<0.001),while the score of nurse's work to family enhancement were significantly lower than that of spouse's(t=-5.860,P<0.001).The positive emotion score of nurses was significantly lower than that of their spouse's(t=-11.069,P<0.001),and the negative emotion score was significantly higher than that of their spouse's(t=7.426,P<0.001).2.Nurses' work-family conflict was significantly correlated with positive and negative emotions,with the work-family enhancement in the opposite direction(all P<0.01).Nurses' work-family conflict was significantly correlated with the positive and negative emotions of the spouse,and the work-family enhancement was in the opposite direction(all P<0.01).Spouse's work-family conflict was significantly negatively correlated with positive and negative emotions of nurses',while work-family enhancement was in the opposite direction(all P<0.01).3.There is a spillover effect between work-family interface and positive or negative emotions of nurses.However,only the work-family enhancement can predict the positive or negative emotions of both husband and wife,and there is a crossover effect between them.The relationship between the work-family conflict dimension and the positive and negative emotions of the half of couples is not significant,and there is no crossover effect.Conclusion:1.There is spillover effect between work-family interface and positive and negative emotions.Nurses or spouses' work-family conflict would cause or aggravate their negative emotions.However,it is not conducive to the improvement of positive emotions.On the contrary,work-family enhancement can help to promote positive emotions and reduce negative emotions.2.There is a crossover effect between the work-family interface and positive and negative emotions of nurse couples,That is,one's work-family interface can affect the positive and negative emotions of his or her spouse.However,only work-family enhancement dimension has crossover effect,work-family conflict dimension does not have crossover effect with positive or negative emotions. |
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