| ?Objective?In order to provide scientific basis for guiding students of different nationalities to eat scientifically,promote and improve students' physical fitness and health,we performed a comparison KAP(knowledge-attitude-behavior,KAP)survey based on nutritional status,and exercise ability of Uygur,Hui,Mongolian,and Han medical students,and to understand the differences in dietary habits,nutritional status,and exercise capacity among students from different nationality in Bazhou Health School.?Methods?Using stratified cluster sampling,1,644 students from 47 classes in the 2014 and 2015 grades were selected as the study objects from Bazhou Health School,and 1644 students were measured for anthropometry and exercise capacity.Anthropometric measurements were carried out by qualified surveyors in accordance with GB/T 5703-1999 standard.The measurements included with weight,height,waist circumference,chest circumference,and skinfold thickness.The weight was measured with a lever scale and measured in kilograms(kg)with an accuracy of 0.1 kg.The height was measured with an electronic height meter and measured in centimeters(cm)with an accuracy of 0.1 cm.The waist and bust were measured with a tape measure to 0.1 cm;Skinfold thickness is measured with a Hinman Pleat Thickness Gauge(Shanghai Xinman Science Equipment Co.,Ltd.)in millimeters(mm)with an accuracy of 0.1 mm.The body mass index(BMI)is calculated according to the formula: BMI = body weight(Kg)/height(m)2.The exercise capacity is based on the test requirements of the “Student Physical Fitness Health Standard”(revised in 2014)issued by the Ministry of Education and the State General Administration of Sport,conducted by the teacher of the School Physical Education Department.The measurement items include vital capacity(VC),50 m run,and 1000 m run(boys)/ 800 m running(girls),pull-ups(boys)/ 1 minute crunches(girls),standing long jump five items.All testing equipment has been calibrated and metrological certified.Then,a stratified cluster sampling method was adopted.From 7 majors from 2014 and 2015 grades,one class was randomly selected to conduct a KAP questionnaire survey.The number of participants in the survey was 249.The KAP questionnaire was designed by myself.And the KAP questionnaire for residents' health education in China was consulted,and the specific situation of Bazhou in Xinjiang was taken into consideration.The questionnaire was reviewed and determined by relevant experts in two rounds of discussion.All the data were established by Excel2010 to a database,and the test data were re-entered into SPSS18.0 software for statistical analysis with double check.?Result?1.Totally,1644 students(466 boys,1178 girls and aged from 15 to 21 years old)completed physical measurements and exercise ability tests,in which including 375 Han,53 Hui,62 Mongolian,Uygur 1154 in all.(1)According to the “National Student Physical Health Standards”(revised in 2014),There was no significant difference in BMI distribution between nationalities(p=0.371).According to the “National Student Physical Health Standards”(revised in 2014),BMI scores were scored,and the average score of each nationality was more than 90 points.The BMI score of the Hui nationality was significantly higher than that of the Uygur and Han nationalities(P<0.01).The BMI score of the boys was significantly higher than that of the females(P<0.01).There was no significant difference in the BMI scores of the two grades.(2)There was no significant difference in BMI,chest circumference,and scapulae fold thickness among students among different nationalities(p>0.05).There were significant differences in height,weight,waist circumference,and upper arm skinfold thickness(p<0.05).The height and weight of Uygur students were significantly higher than those of Han students(p<0.05);there was no significant difference in height and weight between Uygur,Hui,and Mongolian students(p>0.05);Waist circumference of Mongolian students was significantly greater than that of Han,Hui,and Uyghur Students(p<0.05);Han students had significantly higher upper skinfold folds than Uygur,Hui,and Mongolian students(p<0.05).(3)There was no significant difference in lung capacity,800 m run and 1min sit-ups among girls of allnationalities(p>0.05).The 50 m run time of Han girls was significantly lower than that of Mongolian,Hui,and Uyghur girls(p<0.05);the standing long jump of Hui girls was significantly higher than that of other nationality girls(p<0.05);the Hui women had significantly higher anteversion than Han and Uyghur girls.(p<0.05).There was no significant difference between boys of all nationalities in 50 m runs,1000 m runs,and 1min pull-ups.Vital capacity,standing long jump and seated body flexion index were significantly different(p<0.05).The lung capacity of Han boys was significantly higher than that of Mongolian and Uighur boys(p<0.05);the standing jump of Hui boys was lower than that of Mongolian and Uighur boys(p<0.05);the forward bending of the Mongolian boys was significantly higher than that of the Hui and Uighur boys(p <0.05).2.There were 249 KAP questionnaires and 248 valid questionnaires,including 70 Han's,30 Hui's,112 Uyghur's and 36 Mongolian's students;among them,98 boys and 150 girls were included.The ages of the respondents were between 16 and 18 years old,accounting for 85.9%.There was no significant difference in the age composition of the nationalities.(1)There are differences in knowledge of nutritional knowledge among males of different nationalities.Han boys are slightly better than other minority male students,and Hui boys have slightly poorer cognition.There are 10 issues with significant differences among nationalities and 5 issues with no significant differences.(2)The scores of dietary attitudes of Han and Uygur girls were higher than those of other nationality girls(p<0.05);the scores of students from cities were higher than those of students from rural areas and group students(p<0.05);And the eating attitude score with high education background of their parents were higher than those of the students with low parental education(p<0.05).(3)There was no significant difference in dietary behavior among males of different nationalities(p>0.05);male non-only children were significantly higher than males with only child(p<0.05);males with higher father's education were higher than males with lower father's education(p< 0.05).There was a significant difference in dietary scores among girls of different nationalities(p<0.05).Uygur and Mongolian girls were significantly higher than Han and Hui girls(p<0.05).The eating behavior of Uygur girls was higher than that of boys(p<0.05).There were no differences in dietary behavior scores among Han,Mongolian and Hui students of different ages,places of origin,whether they were only children,their parents' education level,and family income.(4)There was no difference in the proportion of breakfast for all nationalities and the type of breakfast food between male and female;the main reason for not eating breakfast is that there is no time.Breakfast mainly consists of rice porridge,steamed bread,bread and other pasta.(5)The phenomenon of Han students eating snacks was more serious.65.7% of them eat every day and more than three times a week.Uighur students eat snacks at a high frequency,and the proportion of eating Uygur students more than 3 times per week and eating every day reaches 68.1%.According to the requirements for food diversity in the "Chinese Residents' Dietary Guidelines," the vast majority of students eat less food every day,especially Mongolian and Hui students.?Conclusion?Based on the above results,the following conclusions can be summarized:1.The BMI score of medical students were good in Bazhou Health School,but there are differences among different nationalities including one third of students with low body weight,overweight or obesity.2.There are differences in the nutrition and development status of all nationalities and they have their own characteristics.Uygur students have higher heights and weights than those of Han students;Mongolian students have thicker waistlines;while Han students have higher measurements of upper arm skinfold thickness.3.There are different characteristic in sports ability in all nationalities,for example,the Han nationality female student's speed is faster;the Hui minority girl's lower limb and the lumbar abdomen strength and the body flexibility are superior to other national minority girls.Male Han boys have high lung capacity;Hui boys have better lower limbs and lumbar abdomen strength;Mongolian boys have better body flexibility,et al.4.Generally,it is poor in nutritional knowledge in all nationalities and there are differences among each nationality.Girls generally have higher awareness than boys.The source of education and parental education background have an impact on nutritional knowledge,dietary attitudes,and dietary behavior to the students.5.The food intake of the surveyed subjects is really less,which does not meet the nutritional principles of food diversity.It has a wide gap with the requirements of the “Chinese Dietary Guidelines”,especially for Mongolian and Hui students. |
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