| In the transitional climatic zone,few plants have the characteristics of rapid growth,expansion ability,covering capacity,reproductive capacity and adaptability.Plants with the characteristics are essential for abandoned mine restoration,construction waste disposal,degraded habitat reconstruction and slope greening.Humulus scandens,a native dioecious herbaceous climber,had potential advantages in development and utilization due to its strong adaptability and resistance to adversity.So in this experiment,H.scandens used as the target plant,whose cuttings were planted on four soil substrates which were used to simulate needs of pollution restoration and vegetation reconstruction sites,to analyze the gender differences of adaptability of male and female seedlings to the substrate.In order to identify the sex,the experiment not seed seedlings but cuttage seedlings use as materials.Four kinds of seedbed substrates were coarse sand soil,purple soil,stony soil and building residue soil.By analyzing the cuttings survival rate,seedling morphological index and physiological index,the effects of substrates on survival and growth were analyzed,in order to find out the gender differences in the effects of substrates on component formation and physiological metabolism of males and females.The results of the study will provide reference for restoration and reconstruction of damaged habitats and slope greening,so as to provide basis for the development and utilization of native plants.The main findings of this paper can be summarized as:(1)The results on survival rate.There is significant gender difference in the effect of substrate on the survival rate of cuttings(P<0.05),but no significant difference in the rooting rate of cuttings(P>0.05).The substrate has a significant influence on the germination rate and survival rate of cuttings(P<0.05),and the order of substrate for the survival of H scandens is purple soil> stony soil> building residue soil > coarse sand soil.Specifically,the survival and germination rate in stony and purple soil are significantly higher than those of the rest substrates(P<0.05).Then,gender has significantly effect on the rate of rooting,germination and survival(P<0.05),and females have higher survival rate than that of males.Comaparing with substrate,gender has higher effect on survival rate.(2)The results on component traits.There is significant gender difference in substrate affect the component traits(P<0.05).To be specific,the influenced level on root traits can be ranked as: total root length per plant> root number per plant> longest root length.The influenced level on stem traits can be ranked as: main stem length> total stem length> stem diameter> internode length.It can be additionally found that the H scandens cutting plants on stony soil has the greater leaf length and width,petiole length,and number of leaves.Then,gender has also significant effect on leaf and stem traits(P<0.05).That is,the leaf length,leaf width,single leaf area,and total leaf area of female plants are larger than these of male plants(P<0.05).But the male plant has larger stem traits than female plants(P<0.05).These experiments illustrate that H scandens can be adaptive to various substrates by adjusting the component property under corresponding conditions.(3)The results on biomass structure.There exists significant gender difference in substrate affects moisture,biomass and distribution of each component(P<0.05).Then,substrate highly affect accumulation and distribution of leaf,stem and root biomass(P <0.05).Within it,the stem and root biomass of plants in purple soil are the highest,and leaf biomass of plants in building residual soil is highest(P<0.05),and root biomass allocation and root-shoot ratio on stony soil are greater than other substrates.Besides,gender has also affected biomass accumulation and allocation of each component(P<0.05).Specifically,the leaf biomass allocation and root water ratio of male plants are significantly higher than those of female plants(P<0.05),and the biomass accumulation and stem biomass distribution of female plants are significantly higher than these of male plants(P<0.05).It is indicated that H scandens can form corresponding component traits and biomass structure by using morphological plasticity.(4)The results on antioxidant enzyme activity.Substrate and gender have significant effects on antioxidant enzyme activity of H scandens(P<0.05),and the influenced order of substrate on antioxidant enzyme activity can be ranked as: POD > CAT > SOD.The POD activity of seedling in building residue soil is the highest,and the SOD and CAT activities of plants in stony soil are significantly higher than those of other substrates(P<0.05).Then,the influenced level of gender on antioxidant enzyme activity can be ranked as: POD > SOD > CAT.The SOD enzyme activity of female plants is greater than that of male plants(P<0.05),and the POD and CAT enzyme activities of male plants are greater than these of female plants(P<0.01).In addition,substrate has a higher effect on antioxidant enzyme activity than gender(P<0.05).It is inferred that H scandens can form corresponding resistance base by enhancing the antioxidant enzyme activity.(5)The results on osmoregulation substance.There exsits significant gender difference in substrate affects osmoregulation substance(P<0.01),and the influences order of substrate on osmoregulation substance can be ranked as: Pro > MDA > SP > SS.The MDA,SP,and SS content of seeding in purple soil are significantly higher than these of rest substrates(P<0.05),and the Pro content of seeding in coarse sand and purple soil are relatively high.Then,the influenced level of gender to osmolytes can be ranked as: SP > Pro > MDA > SS.In addition,comparing with substrate,the gender has higher difference on osmolytes.Then,the MDA and Pro content of female plants are significantly greater than these of male plants(P<0.01).It is indicated that there exists significant difference in substrate affects membrane damage and osmotic adjustment mechanism of H scandens.(6)The results on photosynthetic pigmen.There exists a significant difference in substrate affects photosynthetic pigment content.The substrate yields significant effect on the content of Chla,Chlb and Chla/b value(P<0.05).The plants in stony and purple soil have higher Chla and Chlb content than these of other substrates,and plants in building residue have the highest Chla/b value among all the substrates.Then,there also is a significant difference on gender to Chlb and Chla/b content(P<0.05),i.e.,the Chlb and Chla/b of male plants are significantly higher than these of female plants(P<0.05).Comparing with gender,substeate has higher effect on photosynthetic pigmen.To sum up,there are significant gender differences in the effects of substrate on the survival rate of cuttings,the characteristics of seedling components and biomass structure,which makes the appearance and morphology of seedlings on the substrates different significantly.Meanwhile,the effects of substrate on photosynthetic pigment content,antioxidant enzyme activity and osmoregulation substance content of seedlings were different in gender significantly,which made the photosynthetic capacity,stress resistance and growth potential of seedlings on the substrates differently.H.scandens seedlings have strong morphological plasticity and physiological stress ability,so showed suitable growth strategies according to the types of substrate.In short,H.scandens was improved in the stony soil and purple soil,and the adaptability and resistance potential of the males were stronger than females. |
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