| The purpose of this study is using Humulus extract as the dominant. Through the in vitro antibacterial test and cows feeding trials to explore the effect of Humulus extract and Humulus extract active feed additive for cows blood biochemical indicators and humoral immune indicators, serum hormone, milk yield, relevant indicators of milk composition and calf growth performance and so on. So as to provide the theory and facts for Humulus resources development, to lay the foundation for Humulus future deep-processing and large-scale promotion application.Experiment I Antibacterial test of the extract of Humulus and Humulus monomer flavonoids.Prepare Humulus crude extract polysaccharide liquid (2g crude drug/mL)and Humulus crude extract flavonoid liquid (2g crude mg/mL), prepare apigenin (2.5mg/mL), Cosmos glycosides (2.5mg/mL) and luteolin(2.5mg/mL), use ampicillin sodium (0.5g/mL) as a positive control, investigate the antibacterial effects of six drugs for eight kinds of bacteria selected.The results showed that:Humulus crude extract polysaccharide liquid have a certain inhibitory effect for positive and Gram-negative bacteria; except for having no obvious inhibitory effect for streptococci and pathogenic gold staphylococcus and bowel coccus, Humulus crude extract flavonoid liquid and other Humulus isoflavone all have a certain inhibitory effect, Humulus isoflavone has strong activity for Gram-positive bacteria; The inhibitory effect of a variety of drugs on the standard strain is higher than the pathogenic strains. Test 2 Humulus extract (HSE) feeding trials.Experiment II The effect of Humulus extract (HSE) for serum biochemical indices, production performance, humoral immunity performance and serum hormone of produce milk cow later period.Choose good body condition, parity is similar, the level of lactation and similar weight mid-lactation cows (100d-130d),18 Holstein cows, divided into three groups, the first group of the basal diet group, the second group to add 30gHSE group, the third group to add 60g HSE, pre-feeding 7d, experiment duration 30d. Respectively take blood samples and milk samples, proceed detection of every indicators. The results showed that:1. The control group compared with the experimental group, albumin (ALB) level difference was not significant (p> 0.05); feeding 30d,30g fed groups and the 60g fed groups compared with the control group, globulin (GLOB) had significant difference (p<0.05); 60g fed groups compared with the control group, feeding with 60g urea nitrogen (BUN) levels and cholesterol (CHLO) than the control group was significantly lower (p<0.05); compared with the control group, when 30g fed groups fed 30d, significantly lower triglyceride (TG) level; when 60g fed groups fed 30d significantly (p<0.05) lower triglyceride levels.2. From the results, compared with the control group, when 30g fed groups and the 60g fed groups fed 15d, significantly improved (p<0.05) IgG levels,60g fed group was fed 30d very significantiy mproved (p<0.01) IgG levels; compared with the control group, when 60g fed groups fed 15d, significantiy increase IgA levels, in the fed 30d very significantly increase IgA levels; compared with the control group, tthe IgM levels in the experimental group kept improving, but was not significant (p> 0.05). Compared with the control group, the differences of IF-2 and IF-6 were not significant (p> 0.05).3. From the experimental group fed 14d, compared with the control group, were beginning to significantly reduce the somatic cell count, when 30g fed groups fed 28d, can be reduced 28%,60g fed groups can be reduced 35%; compared with the control group, experimental group milk yield has improved varying degrees, when 30g fed groups fed 14d,21d,28d, milk yields were separately increased 2.7%,11.2%,11.1%; 60g fed group fed 14d,21d,28 days, milk production were increased 9.4%,19.8%, 19%; compared with the control group, the lactose experimental group did not change significantly; compared with the control group, experimental group milk protein and milk fat were no significant difference (p> 0.05); compared with the control group, experimental group 60g fed groups fed 21d, appeared difference were significant (p <0.05) lower.4. Compared with the control group, E2 levels of the experimental group had increased, but the difference were not significant, the GH levels in the experimental group had a very significant improvement,60g fed groups fed 15d, TSH levels was significantly (p<0.01) improved,60g fed group fed 30d, TSH was significantly (p <0.05) increased; compared with the control group,30g PRL levels of the fed group fed 30d were significantly improved (p<0.05),60g fed groups fed 15d and 30d, were significantly improved (p<0.05) the levels of PRL.Feeding experimentⅢ The effect of Humulus extract (HSE) for growth performance andimmune function of calves.This test uses a single-factor design, selected 24 head 30 days of age, body weight similar Holstein calves, they were randomly divided into four groups, group A was the control group, B, C groups were the test groups. N=4 replicates, each of two calves. A group of calves fed a basal diet, B, C, each test group fed a basal diet at the same time, add 8g the HSE/d,16g HSE/d.The results of this test, the HSE of the 16g dose of group C compared with the control group and 8g SHE group, T3 levels in plasma were significantly increased (P <0.05).16g dose of HSE of Group C compared with the control group and 8g SHE group, T4 levels of the plasma were significantly increased (P<0.05). Group C compared with group A, Ig Gcontent in plasma had a significant increase (P<0.05). Group B compared with group A were all significantly increased IgA levels in plasma (P<0.05), Group C compared with Group A had a very significant increase IgA levels in plasma (P<0.01).Feeding experiment IV The effect of Humulus activity feed additives on the production performance of dairy cattle.Select the same parity (a parity cows), similar lactation period, milk yield is basically the same, healthy Holstein cows 24 head. According to the number of days of lactation divided into four groups (lactation 107-124, lactation 131-158d, lactation172-185d, lactation 237-277d), n=6,3 repeats, each 2 head; After conventional treatment, pre-trial 7d unified basal diet; positive test of 28d; cows according to 1% of the feeding amount of the fine adding the Humulus activity feed additives to feed.The data indicate that after add the Humulus activity feed additives, in addition to the 172-185 d of lactation block, milk production volume in each experimental group improved varying degrees. In particular, cows increased milk effects of lactation 237-277 d compared to before the test were significantly improved 4.3%(P <0.05); used the cows of lactation 107-124 d and lactation 131-158 d block compared with the control group, the milk yield were also separately increased 2.83%(P<0.05) and 2.05%. The results from the different stages of lactation period on milk composition, had improved varying degrees, but the differences were not significant (P> 0.05). The effects of Humulus activity feed additives to cow disease resistance, from the record results,24 dairy cows in the test, the incidence of mastitis and hoof diseases are 0.The overall findings from this project, the extract of Humulus can improve animal body’s immune indicators, growth performance, the ability of the the heatstroke thermal stress, disease-resistant function and production performance, delaying the decline of cows lactation, improve milk composition. |
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