| Dwarf cultivation is the mainstream trend in the development of apple cultivation mode in the world,and it is also the direction of modern apple cultivation in China.Baishui County is one of the high-quality apple bases in Shaanxi.The apple cultivation method has been transformed from arbor cultivation to dwarf cultivation in recent years.Due to its location in the semi-arid region of the northern part of the Weihe River,the‘dwarf cultivation of dry land'has gradually become the main mode of apple dwarf cultivation in Baishui County.This study focused on the cultivation of dwarf apples in dryland in Baishui County,systematically investigated the status of apple cultivation,analyzed the characteristics and problems of apple dwarf cultivation,and proposed related countermeasures to guide the cultivation of dwarf apples in dryland of Baishui County.The main results obtained were as follows:1.The planting area of apples in Baishui County was relatively stable,with a total area of 36,700 hectares.The dwarf planting area was 11,600 hectares,and the dwarf cultivation area had gradually expanded in the past five years.The cultivar was mainly‘Fuji',and its area accounted for 67.63%of the total area.Apple varieties were relatively single,and the problem was more prominent.In Baishui County,the dwarf cultivated trees in the dry land grew well,which was convenient for mechanical operation,simple in management technology,labor-saving,labor-saving and economical.These results indicated that apple dwarf cultivation had obvious advantages over arbor cultivation and is suitable for promotion in Baishui County.2.The dwarf apple cultivation type in Baishui County was dominated by dwarf intermediate rootstocks,and the rootstocks were dominated by M26,accounting for about99%.The cultivation method was mainly based on ploughing and water-saving dwarf cultivation.There were 181 business entities with a planting area between 3.33-13.33hectares,which was characterized by moderate scale operation.The dwarf orchard was equipped with a relatively complete support system,and a professional service system was initially formed.3.For a long time,Baishui County had mainly planted with arbor apples,and dwarf large-scale planting was still in the development stage.The formation of dryland dwarf cultivation technology system and the improvement of cultivation mode still needed to be strengthened.According to the high-efficiency production requirements of modern dwarf apples,there were still problems such as low construction level of dwarf seedling bases,inadequate management of fertilizer and water in orchards,weak supporting infrastructure,and relatively lagging construction of professional and technical personnel.In order to promote the high-level development of dwarf apples in dryland of Baishui County and improve the overall benefits of dwarf cultivation,it was necessary to strengthen the following countermeasures:First,establish a high standard dwarf professional nursery to improve the quality of seedling production;Second,strengthen water-saving irrigation facilities Construction,improve the efficiency of fertilizer and water use;Third,strengthen the construction of basic supporting facilities and enhance the ability of disaster prevention and mitigation;Fourth,accelerate the construction of professional technical teams and promote the promotion and application of new technologies. |
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