| Dwarf apple cultivation is the world’s main model currently,which is not only animportant manifestation of the modern apple cultivation system, but also the developmentdirection of the reform of China’s apple cultivation system. Using dwarf rootstocks with highdensity is the most important way to achieve the goal. In this study, current status and existingproblems of dwarf apple cultivation were systematically investigated, and relevantsuggestions were put forward for Qingyang Region in Gansu Province, and provide technicalreference for the development of dwarf apple cultivation in this region. The main resultsobtained are as follows:1. Qingyang Region is located in Longdong Loess Plateau, which is the core region forapple production of high quality. Apple cultivation in this region is mainly in six countiesincluding Xifeng, Ningxian, Zhengning, Qingcheng, Heshui, and Zhenyuan. Apple cultivatedarea was77840hm2in2013, while dwarf apple was4458hm2. It means vigorous stockcultivation dominated while dwarf stock cultivated accounting for5.7%. However, high withstable yield and high commodity rate, relatively good benefits and other obvious advantageswere achieved in a small amount of15-year-old dwarf rootstock planting orchards, indicatingdwarf apple cultivation in the region has a greater potential for development.2. Dwarf cultivated orchards were distributed in six major apple producing countiesabove, of which the largest is Xifeng County. It mainly includes eight townships in DongzhiPlateau, one township in Zaosheng Plateau and two townships in Gonghe Plateau. The SHseries and M26rootstock are the main interstockstar on the basis of dwarf rootstocks types,which account for52.93%and37.46%respectively; Inter stocks dominate based on the wayof dwarf rootstocks usage, rather than few self-rooted rootstocks in Ningxian and QingchengCounties. Through preliminary investigation on several orchards, differences in tree growthand fruiting presentation for various stions were found, but good dwarfing effect was obtainedby inter stocks of SH series (SH1, SH6), M26and M9(T337).3. The main problems found for dwarf apple cultivation in Qingyang Region are asfollows: because of lack of local breeding base, apple nursery stocks are mainly transferredfrom other regions, which with low quality and low survival rate; Some other problems existin planting technology, such as planting density, rootstocks buried depth and determine height of stem, accounting for orchardists’ low level of management; Main advantages of dwarf treesare not obvious because planting pruning techniques are not reasonable, which still followsthe traditional techniques for vigorous stock trees; Fertilizer and water in extensivemanagement, especially soil conservation with mulching film technology just starts to beapplied in the region; Meanwhile, brackets are necessary for dwarf fruit trees, which cost a lot,thus, it is difficult to promote the usage of them.4. According to the production situation and existing problems in Qingyang Region，suggestions for the development of dwarf apple are put forward.At first, problems existing inplanting management can be solved by building local seedling production base of high quality,promoting the study of suitable rootstocks and comprehensive supporting measures, as well asestablishing cultivation system for upland dwarf apple; In addition, improving the awarenessof farmers by the means of strengthening policy support and guide, along with increasing thetraining for farmers and technical staff; What’s more, promoting the enthusiasm of farmers toplant dwarf apple trees in ways of popularizing the practical cultivation with brackets. |
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