Occurrence Characteristics Of Main Pests In Apple Orchards Under Arbor And Dwarf Cultivation Modes And Prevention Of Carposina Sasakii

The arbor cultivation mode has developed early and large planting area in China.In recent years,dwarf cultivation mode has developed rapidly in China.The tree size,tree vigor,ventilation and light conditions of the two cultivation modes are different,and the occurrence and damage of the main pest populations often show different characteristics after control.There is still a lack of systematic research in this area.Carposina sasakii is the most serious pest in apple orchard.Especially in the dwarf orchard,the occurrence period of C.sasakii is long and the control effect is unstable.This study was conducted in three apple producing areas of Muping,Laizhou and Yiyuan in Shandong Province.The representative apple orchards of two cultivation modes were selected respectively.The occurrence of C.sasakii,Lithocolletis ringoniella,Grapholita molesta and Adoxophyes orana adults was investigated by sex pheromone method.The damage of the above four Lepidoptera pests and Tetrarcychus urticae,Apolygus lucorum and Aphis citricola were investigated by visual method.The occurrence characteristics of main pests in two orchards after the same pest control were compared.Explore the potential of pest outbreaks in different modes.The population dynamics of adult C.sasakii were monitored according to sex pheromone.The control effect of C.sasakii under different control time and times was studied.The results are as follows :(1)The difference of occurrence and damages of main pests in apple orchards under two cultivation modesThe cultivation mode had a significant effect on the adult amount of C.sasakii and L.ringoniella,but had no effect on G.molesta and A.orana.The total number of adults of C.sasakii in arbor orchards in Muping and Yiyuan was higher than that in dwarf orchards,which was 1.56 ～ 3.56 times that in dwarf orchards.There was no significant difference in the total number of adults between the two orchards in Laizhou.The total number of L.ringoniella adults in the arbor orchards in the three regions was higher than that in the dwarf orchards,and the arbor orchards were 1.81 ～ 28.23 times that of the dwarf orchards.The total number of adults of G.molesta and A.orana was inconsistent in the three regions.The results showed that the damage rates of four Lepidoptera pests were inconsistent in two orchards in three regions.Among them,C.sasakii,G.molesta,A.orana in Muping arbor orchard were significantly higher than those in dwarf orchard.The number of L.ringoniella adults in the arbor orchards was significantly higher than that in dwarf orchard in Laizhou.There was no significant difference in the damage rate of Lepidoptera pests between the two orchards in Yiyuan.The damage rate of T.urticae in Yiyuan arbor orchard was significantly higher than that in dwarf orchard,and the former was 5.5 times higher than the latter.There was no significant difference in the damage rate of T.urticae between the two cultivation modes in Muping and Laizhou.The damage rate of A.lucorum in Yiyuan dwarf orchard was significantly higher than that in arbor orchard,the former is 1.57 times of the latter.There was no significant difference in the damage rate of A.lucorum between the two cultivation modes in Muping and Laizhou.There was no significant difference in the damage rate of A.citricola between the two cultivation modes in the three regions.(2)Control effect of Carposina sasakiiThe larval occurrence period was predicted according to the sex attractant monitoring data of C.sasakii.The test was carried out using chlorantraniliprole.The control effect of spraying twice at the early stage of larvae hatching and the beginning of larvae hatching was 98.22 %.The control effect of spraying twice at the early and peak oviposition stages was 96.43 %.The control effect was 89.28 % when spraying once at the early stage of larvae hatching.The control effect of spraying once at the early stage of oviposition was 83.93 %.There was no significant difference between the two treatments.The control effect of two treatments was significantly higher than that of one treatment at the early stage of oviposition.Comprehensive analysis of the control effect and the economic benefits of recovery,it is recommended to apply pesticide twice in the early stage of larval hatching and the beginning of larval hatching.