Application Study Of Yupingfeng Residues For Black Goats

With the continuous improvement of people's living standards,the demand for animal products is increasing,which has greatly promoted the development of animal husbandry in China.During the vigorous development of animal husbandry,many problems have emerged,such as the quality and safety of livestock products.Under the trend of promoting recycling economy,it is an important measure to apply the traditional Chinese medicine waste produced by pharmaceutical factory to animal husbandry production.Ninety healthy,disease-free,three-month-old black goats of similar body weight were randomly divided into control group,experimental group one and experimental group two,with 3 replicates in each group,10 sheep per replica.The control group was used as the basal diet.The first group was fed with the mixture of Yupingfeng powder residue and the basic diet at 1:1,and the second group was fed with the fermentation material and the basal diet mixed at 1:1.Pre-feeding period 15 days,trial period 60 days.By measuring the body weight of black goats on the first day of the experiment,30 days and 60 days,the growth trend of weight of black goats in each stage of the experiment was obtained.The weight gain of the second group was the largest,which was significantly different from that of the first group and the control group(P<0.05),The average daily gain per black goat is 96 g/d.In the aspect of economic benefit,the maximum profit of the second group was 36.50 yuan in 60 days.It shows that Yupingfeng Powder residue produced better economic benefit after fermentation.The longissimus dorsi muscle collected from the three groups were mixed separately to determine the amino acid content and fatty acid content.The results showed that the total amino acid content and the essential amino acid content in the second group were the highest,and the glutamic acid content was the highest in each group.In terms of flavor amino acids,group two had the highest level of 9.74 g/100 g,while the control group of 7.56 g/100 g was the lowest.The fatty acid content in the three groups was the highest,followed by stearic acid and palmitic acid.The contents of saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids in the control group were the highest,and those in the first group were the lowest.The content of essential amino acids was the highest in the first group and the lowest in the second group,but the content of arachidonic acid was the highest in the second group.The expression of PPAR? and CD36 gene in muscle was measured.Compared with the control group,the relative expression of PPAR? gene in the second group was significantly higher than that in the control group and the first group(P<0.01).The relative expression of CD36 in the second group was significantly higher than that in the control group and the first group(P<0.05).The effects of the residue of Yupingfeng Powder and its fermentation products on the expression of PPAR? and CD36 genes in the muscle of black goats were significant.The application of Yupingfeng powder residue and its fermentation products in black goat feeding can increase the content of amino acid in the muscle and decrease the content of stearic acid in the muscle of black goat.It has a positive effect on improving Mutton flavor.There was no significant difference in the relative expression of PPAR??CD36?TLR2?TLR4 and NF-kB genes in the intestinal tract.But the relative expression of PPAR? and CD36 in group one and group two were lower than those in control group.The relative expression of TLR4 and NF-kB gene in the second group was lower than that in the control group and the first group,while that in the first group was higher than that in the control group.The relative expression of TLR2 gene was lower in experimental group 1 than that in control group,and higher in group 2 than that in control group.It can be seen that the effect of Yupingfeng powder residue and its fermentation on intestinal tract is limited,and it reduces the gene expression in intestinal tract to a certain extent.From the high-throughput sequencing of intestinal flora,it was found that the three groups had significant differences in the structure and abundance of bacteria,and the residue of Yupingfeng Powder and its fermentation products could reduce the species diversity of intestinal bacteria in black goats.At the phylum level,the relative abundance of Firmicutes in the control group was significantly different from that in the first group and the second group.At the class level,order level,family level and genus level,the relative abundance of Clostridia ?Clostridialesus?Ruminococcaceae and Ruminococcus in the corresponding classification of Firmicutes was lower than that of the first group and the second group.The results showed that the residue of Yupingfeng Powder and its fermentation promoted the distribution of rumen coccus in the intestinal tract of black goats and reduced the digestion and absorption of cholesterol in black goats.To sum up,the application of Yupingfeng residue and its fermentation in black goat feeding belongs to the recycling of resources,which not only provides a new method and approach for the treatment of waste residue in traditional Chinese medicine pharmaceutical factory,but also provides high quality feed for black goat feeding.Promote the growing development of black goats,improve meat quality,reduce the taste of mutton,promote the development of intestinal flora,reduce intestinal diseases.It is an important part of circular economy and a key step of our country's sustainable development strategy.