Analysis Of Agronomic Traits And Physiological Characteristics Of Different Wheat Genotypes

As the second highest yield grain crop in the world,wheat production is very important in food security and agriculture and people’s life in China.With the decrease of grain planting area in our country,the output is increasing year by year,which shows that the increase of grain yield depends mainly on the increase of per unit area yield.However,the present wheat yield in China is still at a relatively low level compared with that of the European agriculture developed countries.Breeding and popularizing new wheat varieties with good comprehensive characters and great potential for yield increase has important theoretical and practical significance for the production of wheat in China.Through the analysis of Shaanxi Guanzhong area comprehensive performance of 5 different wheat genotypes at different growth stages in population traits and main agronomic traits,physiological characteristics,yield and quality traits such as structure,selection of varieties with high yield potential.The reasonable cultivation and management measures were discussed in order to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the selection,popularization and efficient cultivation of new varieties.The main results of this paper are as follows:（1）The correlation analysis of agronomic traits and yield of different wheat genotypes:the relationship between tiller number and yield is:the maximum total stem（r=0.494）>total stem before winter（r=-0.402）>effective spike（r=0.169）>base seedling population（r=-0.116）;The partial correlation results,the maximum total stem and base seedling population were a significant positive correlation with the yield(r_3y,124=1.000*;r_1y,234=0.999*),total stem before winter and yield was negatively correlated(r_2y,134=-1.000*),there was no significant positive correlation between effective spike and yield(r_4y,123=0.996).（2）Mature organ dry matter distribution proportion showed grain>stem>axis+glume>sheath>leaf.While the before anthesis output rate is-8.42%²7.25%,the contribution rate to grain is-12.11%⁴9.01%,after anthesis dry matter contribution to grain rate was 112%⁵0.99%.Vegetative organs dry matter output and its contribution rate is stem（28.61%⁴3.90%）>leaf（9.20%¹7.85%）>sheath（7.61%¹3.27%）,that before and after anthesis with the amount of dry matter translocation to grain in different wheat genotypes there were differences between.（3）The variation degree of three components of yield structure was:1000-grain weight>effective spike>grains per spike.The correlation degree between the three factors and yield was grains per spike（r=0.780**）>effective spike（r=0.398*）>1000-grain weight（r=-0.324）.The partial correlation analysis,three factors and yield were significantly positive correlation,partial correlation coefficient for grains per spike(r_{y14,13 15}=0.995**)>effective spike(r_y13,1415=0.989**)>1000-grain weight(r_{y15,13 14}=0.920**),between three yield factors were negatively correlated.The above results show that the main factors that restrict the increase of yield are grains per spike and effective spike,and the yield is easy to reach by increasing the rains per spike and the effective spike.（4）In summary,the comprehensive performance of different wheat genotypes in this area were analyzed,Xinong 369 before winter groups with strong growth potential,and period of individual growth is better,more effective coordination of population structure,the highest number of spikelets per plant,grain filling period of photosynthetic efficiency is high,is conducive to the accumulation of photosynthate in panicle,the higher harvest index,so the the final yield was the highest.Xinong 403 before winter groups grew up during the period of individual performance is poor,the tiller number is low,group is out of step with individual development.Although the net dry matter accumulation and growth rate of grain filling period were higher,the grain weight was higher,but the number of invalid spikelets was higher,the harvest index was lower,and the final yield was the worst,if the sowing time and sowing rate can be adjusted properly,better yield can be obtained.Xiaoyan 58-1 overall performance of medium,and final yield was third.The dry matter accumulation of Xinong 528 higher in anthesis period,but late population growth rate is the lowest,which later decreased photosynthetic ability,there are signs of premature aging,the grains per spike was lowst,resulting in yield performance is not outstanding.In the later stage of Xiaoyan 269,the photosynthetic capacity declined,and Fusarium head blight occurred at the middle and late stages of grain filling,which eventually affected its yield.If the disease could be strengthened in the field,it might be possible to give full play to the variety potential.