| Wheat planting area is second only to corn and rice,and the healthy and sustainable development of the wheat industry can promote the increase of farmers’ income and stabilize the society,and the yield of wheat has a direct bearing on grain security.Cultivation measures and variety improvement are important ways to increase wheat yield,and the contribution rate of variety improvement to wheat yield is about 50%.Shaanxi is one of Chinese wheat production area,with abundant germplasm resources,cultivation of high yield and high quality wheat variety has the potential,A deep analysis and evaluation has important practical significance to wheat varieties in our province wheat agronomic traits,physiological indexes etc..The premise of selecting good wheat varieties is the breeding of fine new wheat lines.Therefore,it is a great significance for production practice to study the agronomic characteristics of new wheat lines in time.In this experiment,wheat varieties bred by Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University as the materials,Xiaoyan 22 as control,in 2015-2016 in Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University fight wheat corn demonstration station,agronomic characteristics of 29 wheat yield and 9 new lines,designed for new wheat lines selected for validation,later regional test varieties or promotion and provide theoretical support for the following important results:1.Twenty of the wheat lines tested,produced more than CK,respectively 02-10(8561.85 kg·hm-2)、2015 pin bi Ⅱ(8342.40 kg·hm-2)、Xinong 037(8186.85 kg·hm-2)、06(12-1)(8110.50 kg·hm-2)、Xinong 0828(8101.50 kg·hm-2)、Gaoza1(8046.30 kg·hm-2)、Gaoza2(7871.70 kg·hm-2)、BE85(7622.25 kg·hm-2)、Xinong 233(7582.35 kg·hm-2)、Xinong 151(7565.25 kg·hm-2)、06(12)-2(7451.55 kg·hm-2)、Xinong 133(7307.70 kg·hm-2)、WL125(6808.65 kg·hm-2)and so on.2.The variation coefficient of twenty-nine wheat lines of yield traits tested in jointing stage is the largest total stem number,the smallest trait is plant height,the coefficient of variation for the final performance is the total stem number in jointing stage(26.52%)> the total stem number in pre-winter(23.49%)> the spike rate(21.31%)>the effective panicle number(19.37%)>the basic seedling number(18.33%)> yield(16.30%)> single grain number(13.05%)> 1000-kernel weight(10.69%)>plant height(8.87%),in the same cultivation pattern and field management level,different wheat lines between the yield and elements of genetic differences exist.The total number of wheat jointing stem traits affected by genotype is biggest,followed by winter before the total stem number traits;plant height traits of wheat is relatively stable,the genotypes of wheat lines with minimal impact that can be controlled by way of external cultivation measures.A comprehensive description,from the tillers rate increased the yield of wheat can be cultivated or foreign introduction,from the effective panicle number,grain weight and grain number per panicle increased yield can be achieved by improving the cultivation measures.3.There are significant differences between the wheat lines’ yield for tested,only X-23-2 and X-256 was lower than that of CK,respectively by 21.35% and 13.43%,the other 6 strains of wheat yield was higher than that of CK,the highest yield is P-151,increased by 29.75%,followed by H-163,increased by 25.97%,the final is P-151(8187.34 kg·hm-2)>H-163(7948.41 kg·hm-2)>X-158(7415.10 kg·hm-2)>X-364(7392.90 kg·hm-2)>X-385(6490.39 kg·hm-2)>X-767(6424.94 kg·hm-2)>CK(6309.96 kg·hm-2)>X-256(5462.80 kg·hm-2)>X-23-2(4962.77 kg·hm-2).Difference of the number of spike wheat varieties were not significant,there are significant differences between X-158、X-767、H-163、X-23-2、P-151、X-364、X-256 and CK’panicles.There are significant differences between X-385 and CK,the effective panicle number does not exist significant differences.X-158、X-767、H-163、X-385、P-151、X-364 and X-256 had significant difference with 1000 grain weight of CK,and the 1000 grain weight was significantly higher than that of CK.The 1000 grain weight of X-23-2 and 1000 grain weight of CK did not differ significantly,and lower than CK.4.The plant height of tested wheat lines is 63.00-84.91 cm,internode length is 20.10-25.41 cm;the plant height of CK(84.91cm)and X-158(69.67 cm),X-767(68.67 cm),H-163(69.33 cm),X-23-2(63 cm),X-385(68 cm),X-364(66.33 cm)and X-256(63.33 cm)were significant differences,and there is no significant difference between wheat lines for the plant height of P-151(82.33 cm);peduncle length have no significant difference;the rapid growth stage of wheat lines showed early tillering in tiller dynamic whole growth period,the ineffective tillers gradually reduce to the death phase and steady stage,there are significant differences between the total stem number of wheat lines in different growth period;the spike rate for the final performance is H-163(69.72%)>X-364(64.69%)>CK(63.40%)>X-256(52.34%)>X-767(52.16%)>X-158(50.40%)>X-385(49.63%)>X-23-2(43.33%),the spike rate shows that the coordinated development in the early group structure;there were significant differences in the different growth stages of different wheat varieties LAI,the same trend of leaf area index,showed increased first and then decreased,and reached the maximum value at booting stage.5.The correlation coefficient of tested wheat lines panicle number,peduncle length and yield were 0.917,0.847,which had a significantly positive correlation;the spike rate and yield、panicle number was positively correlated,correlation coefficients were 0.723 and 0.744;positively correlated with grain yield,grain number per spike,but not significantly;1000 grain weight,、plant height,、average grain filling rate,、grain number and yield are positively correlated,but not significantly;not fertile spikelets,、fertile spikelets and yield was negatively correlated,but not significantly.The plant height was significantly correlated with the internode length below the panicle.The plant height was negatively correlated with grain number per panicle and 1000 grain weight,which indicated that the breeding of medium and dwarf varieties should be paid attention to when the grain number per panicle was increased.The plant height was too high,which resulted in the decrease of grain number per panicle and 1000 grain weight and affected the yield.Principal component analysis showed that the number of effective panicle and internode length were the main factors affecting the yield of wheat lines.In conclusion,the yield characters and the main agronomic characters of different wheat new lines(varieties)were analyzed,which provided a theoretical reference for the further research of wheat lines,at the same time,the yield characters of 20 new wheat lines which include 02-10、Xi Nong 037、06(12-1)、Xi Nong II(12-1)、Xi Nong 0828、Xi Nong 233、Xi Nong 151、BE85、06(12)-2 and so on;there were screened good comprehensive agronomic characteristics of Xi Nong 158,Xi Nong 364,HM163 and Pu Bing 151 of nine new lines. |
