Study On Fire Station Planning In Chaoan District Of Chaozhou Based On Fire Risk Assessment

In recent years,with the rapid advancement of new urbanization construction,people-centered urban construction concept has also been paid more and more attention.Among them,fire safety,as an important part of the city comprehensive disaster prevention system,is closely related to the safety of people's lives and property,and has attracted more and more attention.Scientific and reasonable fire protection planning is the guarantee of modern city fire prevention and disaster relief.Fire station layout planning is an important part of urban fire protection planning.Its scientific formulation and reasonable implementation are of great significance to improve the ability of urban fire prevention and disaster prevention,reduce the losses caused by urban fire,and ensure the safety of life and property of urban people.The traditional fire station layout method is based on the principle of 5 minutes fire response time,and takes 4 km~2-7 km~2 as the jurisdiction area of the fire station.It uses the"circle drawing method"or"service radius method"to select the location and layout.The idea is to draw a circle with the radius of the longest distance that a 5-minute fire truck can reach as the area of fire control jurisdiction within the planning scope,and the area of the circle is within 4 km~2-7 km~2.According to the area of urban planning area and fire control jurisdiction area,the number of fire stations needed is calculated.Finally,the planner determines the specific location of fire stations near the center of the jurisdiction area according to practical experience.This method considers fewer fire factors and more subjective factors.The results of fire station jurisdiction will produce uncovered blind areas and overlapping areas,resulting in uneven distribution and waste of fire resources,lack of scientific and rational location and layout of fire stations.With the increasing demand for fire safety in cities,the traditional layout method of urban fire stations can no longer meet the actual needs.On the basis of referring to the relevant research results of cities(regions)both at home and abroad,this paper puts forward a method of optimizing the layout of fire stations based on urban fire risk assessment.Through the comprehensive evaluation of the danger and hazard of fire in buildings,places and facilities within the scope of urban land use,this paper analyses the causes,spreading ways and fire extinguishing process of urban fire,establishes an evaluation system that can comprehensively and objectively reflect the risk situation of urban fire,and superimposes the index factors with the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP).As well as the buffer analysis and network analysis functions of ArcGIS(Geographic Information System),the spatial analysis method is introduced into the fire risk assessment.Finally,the results of fire risk assessment are implemented into the regional grid to realize the quantitative and spatial positioning of fire risk assessment.According to the calculated fire risk scores of each evaluation unit,the urban fire risk is classified into three levels by using ArcGIS natural breakpoint method:high fire risk,medium and high fire risk,medium fire risk and low fire risk.The corresponding risk levels of evaluation scores are defined,and corresponding fire control and planning measures are taken for different regions.After the analysis of the results of urban fire risk zoning,according to the layout requirements in the"Standards for the Construction of Urban Fire Stations",the fire response time of 5 minutes is taken as the principle,and the discrete positioning model in ArcGIS is used to determine the scope of fire responsibility zones,and the layout of urban fire stations is carried out to optimize and improve the allocation of urban fire resources.