Planning Studies, Based On Urban Fire Risk Zoning Firehouse Distribution

With the accelerated process of urbanization in China, urban population density is Increasing, so that cities face a growing risk of fire. Therefore, this paper intends to find a way to optimize the layout of the city fire stations, so as to provide space decisions for city fire planning and improve the capacity of urban fire prevention, thereby reducing the loss of urban fires and protecting the urban fire safety and people's lives and property.This paper introduces the concept of city fire risk zoning, according to the requirements of "City Fire Planning Standards" for urban fire risk assessment. Thus, urban built up area will be divided into three categories:major fire areas, general urban fire area, fire barrier and evacuation shelter site. It establishes an index system of urban region fire risk assessment on the basis of comprehensive consideration of various factors in the process of catching fire, extending and extinguishing. And then it reasonably assesses the fire risk faced by urban areas and divides fire risk zoning. The zoning results are applied to arrange urban fire stations, which will allocate fire resources more rationally and guide the establishment of urban fire plan.The main contents of this paper include the following:(1) Research on city fire risk evaluation. Combining with the urban fire causes and other factors, it establishes an index system of urban region fire risk assessment. Furthermore, it uses AHP to optimize the index system.(2) Research on fire risk zoning. When the urban area fire risk is assessed, the paper seeks scientific method and makes use of cluster analysis for risk zoning according to the different characteristics of each region.(3) Research on distribution of the city fire station. According to the results of city fire risk zoning, this paper formulates different fire response time in different risk areas of the city. And then it uses the discrete location model to arrange urban fire stations, which will achieve optimal allocation of the city fire resources.