Study On The Liaodong Wei-cities Of The Ming Dynasty From The Perspective Of Urban Morphology

Based on the research methods and theories of urban morphology,this paper studies the urban form of the Liaodong Wei-cities in the Ming Dynasty.The research scope is 12 Weicities built in Liaoning in the early Ming Dynasty,namely Jinzhou,Gaizhou,Haizhou,Fuzhou,Shenyang,Yizhou,Kaiyuan,Tieling,Jinzhou,Qianwei,Youwei and Ningyuan,as well as the reference Zhen-cities of Liaoyang and Guangning.Firstly,it introduces the construction background and important protection value of the Liaodong Wei-cities of the Ming Dynasty.Based on the urban morphology,it reviews the urban form and the related research of the Liaodong Wei-cities.It is found that the relevant research is lacking and needs to be supplemented.So,this is also the significance of this research in terms of subject complementation and heritage protection.Secondly,it researched three different periods of the development situation of the Liaodong Wei-cities in Ming Dynasty,including the historical evolution and origins,the historical situation when the cities were built,and the modern development status.On this basis,the urban form of the Liaodong Wei-cities in the Ming Dynasty was studied in accordance with the progressive relationship from macro to micro.At the macro level,the location analysis and location characteristics of each Wei-cities are analyzed,and the influence factors such as Fengshui,Xingsheng,geographical distribution,topography,rivers,and military buffers are summarized as well.At the medium level,the Wei-city wall defense system and the street system are studied,including the restoration,generalization and analysis of the city walls,moats,gates and streets.It is found that most of them have the overall shape of rectangular cities with cross streets.At the micro level,the typical Wei-cities’ street profile,property plots and architectural courtyard forms are introduced.Taking Ningyuan,Fuzhou and Gaizhou as examples,the paper summarizes the shape of the Wei-cities and modulo characteristics of the courtyards.From the perspective of the property plot and the courtyard form,it systematically summarizes all forms of the important historical architectural courtyard,including residential,religious,public buildings and ancient towers,and finally sorts out the regional historical architectural heritage system.Thirdly,from the perspective of horizontal evolution,the paper takes three representatives(Gaizhou,Kaiyuan and Xingcheng)of the early,middle and late built in the Ming Dynasty,which are also three best Wei-cities in the areas of southern,northern and western Liaoning,to summarize the evolution of urban form of the Liaodong Wei-cites in the Ming Dynasty.On the other hand,from the perspective of vertical evolution,the paper summarizes the urban form changes in different historical social environment from the Ming Dynasty to 1945,explorescauses of the formation and evolution of urban forms in different periods,and sort out the changes of regional urban systems.Finally,it is proposed that the urban form of the Liaodong Wei-cities reflects the construction thought of the military city in the Ming Dynasty.The form of the Liaodong Weicities has regular rules in the horizontal and vertical evolution.The Liaodong Wei-cities is the typical component of the Ming Dynasty’s “City Construction Peak”.However,the value of the Liaodong Wei-cities has always been neglected,and the heritage protection level is generally low.In the context of China’s rapid urbanization,the ancient city form is seriously damaged,and the sense of the heritage protection is not strong,the enthusiasm for the protection of the heritage is also poor.Overall,it is very necessary to build a systematic protection of the Ming Dynasty ancient cities in Liaoning and the results of this paper can provide historical and realistic basis for the future development of relevant cities.