The Investigation And Analysis About The Outer Three Passes In Shanxi Zhen In The Ming And Qing Dynasties

As always,the northern Shanxi area is known as its solid terrain.Its steep topography and varied terrain makes it become the last line of barriers by which the Han nationality of the center plain resists to the northern nomadic people.In the Ming Dynasty,the resistance to the aggression from the northern nomadic tribes becomes the main task of national defense and the military core.And the inner Great Wall located in the northern Shanxi area becomes the main military defense against the northern nomadic people.The famous outer three passes on the inner Great Wall under the jurisdiction of Shanxi Zhen——Yanmen Pass,Ningwu Pass and Piantou Pass,is easy to hold but hard to attack with its unique superior geographical locations and becomes the gateway and the throat of the central plains hinterland.The Ming government makes it as the defensive focus and performs the strongest defense asset construction in the whole history.An old saying goes that the Ming dynasty builts the Great Wall and the Qing dynasty builts temples.Down to the Qing dynasty,as the peaceful unification in the northern Shanxi area,the construction of the military town began to slowly decline and was replaced by a large number of temples and thriving businesses.At this point,the new portrait of city appeared.As a richly cultural province of Shanxi,the development disproportionality has seriously restricted the development and research works about the material heritage and cultural heritage in the northern Shanxi area including the outer three passes.So far,from the urban planning and the architecture,studies of the outer three passes in Shanxi Zhen are still very limited and occupy the initial stage.This article takes the outer three passes in Shanxi Zhen as research objects and the Ming and Qing dynasties as time span.Through investigation and research about the current situation of ancient city,the writer looks for the historical memory,gives a detailed description and a contrastive analysis and tries to find the common rules between the three.At last,the writer describes the current situation of ancient city,raises a question which the cities exist now and conducts in-depth discussions about its protection and development,with the purpose of the reasonableutilization based on protection and to find the best solution.Finally,the writer puts forward his own views and suggestions about how to continue to develop the ancient cities of the outer three passes currently.