Optimization Of Fire Fighting Facilities Layout In Villages And Towns

Fire stations play an important role in disaster prevention and mitigation.However,most of the relevant studies and practices usually focus on urban areas.Villages and towns in China are vast in territory and complex in environment.Because of the low level of economic development in the past and out-dated emergency facilities developed by traditional layout methods in China,these places become vulnerable to disaster.In this case,quantitative study on the layout evaluation and optimization of emergency facilities in villages is necessary.With the view of “the demand distribution – model construction and application – evaluation of site selection schemes and planning proposals – fire safety planning”,this paper attempts to establish a relatively reasonable method for fire stations layout in villages.The main contents of the article are as follows:(1)Establish fire risk evaluation index system for town and township from fire risk,environment of villages and towns,and risk resistance ability.Multi-factor comprehensive evaluation method and analytic hierarchy process are used to evaluate the overall fire risk of villages and towns,which provides a basis for the layout of fire fighting facilities in villages and towns.(2)Build location models for both town and township area respectively.Considering the location of hierarchical facilities for town area,the time,road safety and fire risk are integrated into the model,which provides a basis for the subsequent allocation of fire resources.Considering the influence of time factors,the model for established for township area provides a method for the rational layout of fire facilities.(3)Five evaluation indexes including response coverage rate and cross-response rate were used to evaluate the facility location scheme comprehensively.This paper takes Songbai Town in Shennongjia Forest District as the research area,and provides relevant suggestions on the layout of fire protection facilities in Songbai Town.