Fire Risk Assessment Of Subway Stations

With the continuous progress of urbanization in our country,a new mode of transportation is increasingly needed to solve the traffic congestion problem in cities.With its unique advantages,subway is favored by more and more large and medium-sized cities and becomes an important part of public transportation.Due to the relative closeness of its space and the existence of large passenger flow,there are many risks.Once an accident occurs,the consequences will be unimaginable.Fire is the most frequent and the most deadly of all subway accidents.Therefore,it is of great practical significance to carry out fire risk assessment of subway stations from the perspective of prevention and control in combination with the current needs of urban safety development.Based on the statistics of major subway accidents at home and abroad,this paper analyzes the main causes of their fires,then establishes the risk evaluation index system of subway station fires by theoretical analysis and literature analysis,and constructs a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model by combining the order relation analysis and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.Finally,an empirical study is conducted on a subway station in China.The main results are as follows:(1)A fire risk evaluation index system for subway stations has been established.Through literature review and expert consultation,and based on the principles established by the index system,an index system for fire risk assessment of subway stations is established,which includes 5 first-class indexes,13 second-class indexes and 42 third-class indexes,of which the first-class indexes consist of fire hazard source,fire prevention ability,fire extinguishing ability,emergency evacuation and rescue,and fire safety management.(2)A fire risk assessment model for subway stations is established.In this paper,the index is weighted by the ordinal relation analysis(G1 method).According to the calculation steps of G1 method,the index weight questionnaire of subway station fire risk evaluation is designed,and then the weight of subway fire risk evaluation index is obtained.After that,the weighted average model M(·,+)is used to combine the weight vector with the fuzzy evaluation matrix to obtain the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of subway station fire risk required in this paper.(3)Take a subway station in China as an example for fire risk assessment.The established model is verified by an example.The fuzzy evaluation matrix is obtained by Delphi method.Combined with the calculated weight,the synthetic calculation is carried out.According to the principle of maximum membership degree,the fire risk evaluation result of the station is "general safety" with a value of 0.4904,which verifies its effectiveness and puts forward risk control measures according to its current situation.