| Understanding the tourists’ spatial behavior is very important for destination planning,management and designing tourist leading systems for split flow.Early scholars paid great attention to the tourists’ spatial behavior at the macro level.They focused on the description of tourists’ spatial behavior,as well as analyzing the reasons for tourist choosing the particular destinations.With the advances of tracking technology and the needs of scenic area management,researchers began to use cluster analysis,sequence analysis,Markov model to explore spatial patterns of tourists at the micro level.These researches focus on summing up the spatial patterns of tourists,but paid little attention to the formation of mechanisms of patterns.Researches on pedestrians of urban geographic are directly related to the research on tourists’ spatial behavior,.Pedestrians’ research is generally based on utility maximization criterion and bounded rationality,while the impact of cognition and physical limitation of subject as well as preferences and other factors are seldom considered.Tourists’ spatial behavior is resulted from the interaction process between the subjectof tourist and the object of environment.Tourist behavior within the scope ofthe scenic areas is related to the criteria of space choice,individual motivation,the start time of tour and their characteristics.As for the environment,tourist space behavior is related to the space structures.We introduced the paradigm of naturalistic decision-making in behavior decision-making theory into the study of tourists’ spatial behavior to analyse the effects ofobjective environments,tourist characteristics,cognition and abstract persons(team)on tourists’ spatial behavior.Using questionnaires to get tourists’ spatial behavioral data and perception data,etc.(received 558 valid questionnaires).This paper applied the method of space syntax,kernel density analysis to analyze the internal spatial structure of tourist trails and spatial layout of scenic spots.The relationships between spatial structure and tourists’ spatial behavior is analysed.Cluster analysis is used to sum the types of tourists’ spatial behavior patterns.Mann-Whitney U test and variance analysis are used to test the difference among variables.Based on decision tree approach,the tourist-based spatial choice rule models are established,in which thetourists’ spatial behaviorindex is an independent variable and the individual characteristics,tourism characteristics,motivation and perceived criterias for space choice indexes are dependent variable.The main research contents are summarized as follows:(1)In the overall spatial structure of Mount Sanqingshan,the axes with high scores on global accessibility distributed in the central part;while the northwestern part has low scores on global accessibility and local accessibility.The spatial distribution of attractions is shown to have two centers:high spatial accessibility region of Nanqingyuan scenic spot and low spatial accessibility region of Sanqinggong scenic spot.The spatial layout of attractions don’t have a good match with the spatial accessibility of the road network.Tourists’ spatial behavior has great relevance to the distributions of the attractions and the spatial accessibility of road network;more matching with the global accessibility of network.As for tourists’ flow direction,the transfer direction also closely related to the overall accessibility of space.This paper sums the 120 kinds of tourist paths in six major types of spatial patterns using cluster analysis.(2)Thetourists’ spatial behavior largely depends on the demographic and travel characteristics of individual.The earlier the tourists began the tour,the probability of turn-around route is lower,the longer of the path.And the reverse is also true in this study.The factors of the entrance choice,access to information,the way to travel,the main transportation of visiting,age,origin,frequency of visiting and so on,which all have great influence on tourists’ spatial behavior.The factors of education,income have no important impact’ on tourists’ spatial behavior.Because spatial behavior is mainly made by group decision making.Significant difference in spatial behavior has been found between package tour visitors and individual tourists.Tourists prefer to choose a short loop tour in the core scenic spots when they travel with family or friends.People travel alone or with donkey tourists tend to have a longer trip distances and reach more attractions than others.(3)The paper argues that the perception criteria for space choice also affects spatial behavior in theoretical analysis.The demonstration validates that cognition differences of the perception scale of criteria for space choice have a great impact on spatial behavior.The perception scale of criteria for space choice can be divided into four categories:objective environmental factors,soft environmental factors,expected arrangement factors and their characteristics factors.Studies have shown that:Tourists cognition differences in whether or not objective417 environmental factors affect spatial behavior are very important to determining the subsequent spatial behavior.Once the tourists think the road accessibility is not important in space choice,the spatial behavior is very likely to be turn-around route,visiting sights of low spatial accessibility,and vice versa is also true.In addition,the differences of tourist cognition for "attractions,the road steep or not,the road safety,road signs,peer influence,people’s personal interests" also has a profound effect on the spatial behavior,which reflects the impact of objective environment and population factors on spatial behavior.(4)This paper verifies the relationships between spatial behavior and the motivation of visitors on the micro-scale space.Motivation affects tourists’ spatial behavior through space choice preferences.For example,the people whose motivation is "getting rid of the conventional life" are more likely to avoid turn-around route.(5)Space Syntax and other methods are applied to analyze the relationship between spatial structure and visitors’ spatial behavior.Decision tree is used not only to analyzethe influence oftourists’ characteristics for spatial behavior,but also to analyze the impact of hidden behavior variables(motivations,the perceptions criteria)on spatial explicit behaviors.These methods complement and verification each other.(6)The paradigms of maximizing utility and bounded rationality are not suitable in the study of tourists’ spatial behavior.The paradigm of naturalistic decision-making provide a good guidance for the research of spatial behavior in the real world. |
