| Heilongjiang province located in the north of northeast China.It is not only the marginal area of Chinese traditional culture,but also the region where Chinese culture and foreign cultures communicated frequently.Along with the transmission of Islam and the migration of Muslims,a large amount of mosques were constructed in Heilongjiang province from Qing Dynasty.Then,after the development during the whole period of Qing Dynasty,the early period of the Republic of China and the period when northeast China was occupied by Japanese,and influeced by Chinese traditional culture and western architectural culture,mosques in Heilongjiang province gradually formed the regional and diverse architectural characteristics and became the significant heritages in Northeast China.However,researches on mosques in Heilongjiang province focused on the transmssion of Islam to northeast China and few cases.They have not clear their development,transformation,characteristics and motivators.Thus the thesis focused on the various mosques which were built in the period from Qing dynasty to early liberation days in Heilongjiang priovince and aimed at clearing the backgrounnd of the architectural development,analyzing their features and interpreting the causes via the perspective of culture.By using methods like field study,documentary researches and case analysis,this thesis illustrated the mosques in Heilongjiang province from the aspects of the development,architectural characteristics and culture.First of all,it figured out the motivations and chances in the development considering the current researches and documents.Meanwhile,combing with the result of field surveys,it demonstrated changes of the number of the mosques,distributions duriing each phase and rules for selecting site.Then the thesis explained the characteristics of the mosques on space,technique and aesthetics via case studies which analyzed the mosques from layout to building,form structure to construction and from composition to decoration.Last but not the least,through the lens of cultural transmission,it dicovered causes of the changing characteristics in the mosques from the perspective of elements of transmission,acculturation and cultural variation.Following the analysis,this thesis classified mosques in Heilongjiang province into local style,Chinese traditional style,Islamic traditional style and combination style.They mainly locate in cities and towns along the main rivers and railway and the ones on the plains in east and west of the province.Also,their layouts strengthen the center,spaces of the buildings are flexible,changes of the structures followed the history,methods of constructions adapt to the harsh climate,compositions of the sections are harmony and types of decorations are abundant.Following the transmission and communication of diverse architectural cultures in the region,the modelling of mosques gradually changed and finally formed the various types and regional features.With the analysis and explanation of the architectural charateristics of mosques in Heilongjiang province,the thesis will provide one of the bases for further studies.Meantime,by applying theories of cultural transmission,it tried to explain the causes for the development and changes of the features,which would be possible to raise public identity for the mosques and lead to various design of new mosques in the area. |
