Study On The Changes Of The Layout Of Urban Landscape Space In Urumqi During The Qing Dynasty And The Republic Of China

Urumqi is an important node on the north side of the ancient Silk Road.It is of great significance in promoting trade and cultural exchanges and safeguarding stability in the border areas.Its safety status cannot be ignored.In modern times,with the deepening of the crisis in the northwest frontier of China,Urumqi has become the political and military center of Xinjiang.During the period of the Republic of China,the voice of developing the northwest further promoted the development of Urumqi.The exploring of the characteristics of Urumqi’s urban landscape layout and the driving forces of its changes will provide a new perspective for understanding and building Urumqi.In the early Qing Dynasty,Urumqi was seen as a lonely and open depressed boarder town in the eyes of people.And there was no clear spatial framework of the town.From Qianlong to Jiadao,the emperor implemented a series of supporting policies for trade,military’s construction and Tuntian,which made the functions of Urumqi’s business hub highlighted and Urumqi also became the prosperous metropolis.During the year of Tongguang,Agube invaded Urumqi,causing serious damage to the urban landscape.Urumqi had almost become an empty city.After the province was built,the urban landscape of Urumqi highlighted its characteristics as a political and military center.And improved its social function.Such as the expansion of city area,the rejuvenation of education and school,the deployment of city walls,the expandation of road,the development of trade and the construction of temples,further established the basic facilities of the Urumqi.Since the Republic of China,Urumqi has presented a city landscape focused on business entities.The architecture,trade,market,culture,education and traffic landscapes had demonstrated the new appearance of the urban landscape,highlighting the denseness of the spatial layout of the urban landscape.Urumqi is a hilly city,with mountains as its natural boundary and water stretching its ribbons,which expresses the significance of natural landscapes in historical periods for shaping urban landscapes.The changes in the layout of Urumqi’s urban landscape have been affected by various kinds of comprehensive factors.The internal factors,including the driving forces of the regional environment,the population growth and group’s needs,and the externalfactors,such as the driving forces of political decision-making,warfare and the increase of Russian influence have explained the dynamic mechanism of Urumqi’s landscape layout changes.Through the study of the change of urban landscape layout in Urumqi from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China,the layout characteristics of Urumqi spatial layout and the changes of its urban landscape functions were revealed,the factors of its evolution were discussed.On the whole,the change of urban landscape layout characteristics in Urumqi reflects the modernization process of Urumqi.This research will provide a basis for the reorientation of Urumqi and future development plans.