The Analysis Of The German Spatial Planning System And Its Implications To China

The world development report released by the World Bank in 2009 shows that the remodeling of geospatial has become the world trend and the most fundamental social and economic transformation - from traditional rural areas to modern urban areas - is manifested spatially. So it is necessary to look at the socio-economic changes from a spatial perspective. In order to make better use of space, make it better for human production, life and ecological services, develop and improve the spatial planning,through a variety of scientific and effective laws and regulations, policies and mechanisms to control the land space is necessary.In recent years, with the continuous development of economy and society, the Government's attention to spatial planning is also increasing. The "National Land Planning Outline (2016-2030): issued in 2017 clearly states that the overall strategy of spatial development and the main functional area strategy should be implemented, and the overall goal of accelerating the construction of "safe, harmonious, open, coordinated,competitive and sustainable development" is put forward. With the development and improvement of China's spatial planning, we need to develop the spatial planning route and system with Chinese characteristics on the basis of absorbing the advanced international experience.Germany as the origin of modem geography, the academic atmosphere of studying geography is very strong. By relying on the federal system of government, formed from top to bottom and bottom down on the level of clear and complete spatial planning system, not only the level of responsibility and objectives clear, and the convergence between different levels is also very complete. Although the German experience cannot be directly copied to China, but its high-quality spatial planning system to set up a logical and operational model is worth digestion and absorption of our country.The main findings and research results are as follows:1. Germany's spatial planning as a policy tool with a public nature. It has a multi-sectoral, cross-regional characteristics, by its political system, and the political system has a similar structure. Germany's spatial planning system is also a well-established legal support, a comprehensive development of the implementation of the main, cross-sectoral, cross-regional and clear and stable system, its legal support mainly from the "German Basic Law","Federal Spatial Planning Law” and "Federal Building Code".2. Germany's spatial planning system has two functions. One is from top to bottom the planning function, the second is the specific space to use the planning function,which is a bottom-up process. These two functions are linked by "Gegenstromprinzip",which means that the spatial planning developed by the German federal government,state and local governments is not only influenced by other levels of spatial planning, but also for other levels of spatial planning to have influence.3. The German federal state government is the subject of the legal implementation of spatial planning. Not only that, but also within the state of spatial planning law as a legal support. At the state level, the state government has a policy tool for space development programs or projects and regional development planning.4. The German local government's spatial planning policy instruments mainly include Flaechennutzungsplan and Bebauungsplan. In addition, in order to promote the development and implementation of formal spatial planning, the local government will use the informal planning of its development to ensure the smooth passage of formal planning.5. China's spatial planning system has yet to be improved. Although the Chinese government has continuously optimized the spatial planning system, there are still some problems such as the diversification and inconsistency of the "carrier management" (land space) of the spatial planning, the incompleteness of the spatial planning legal system and the lack of coordination mechanism of spatial planning The And from the practical problems of China's spatial planning, the introduction of the German spatial planning theory, policy tools and implementation methods for the establishment of China's spatial planning system proposed to explore the "multi-regulation", the implementation of "a map" Management, improve the legal system of spatial planning and optimize the concept of sustainable development of space and other recommendations.