| Differences in regional development and polarization are common in both developed and developing countries.They are hot topics of widespread concern in the disciplines of geography,economics,sociology,and urban planning.The development gap between the east and the west of our country has a long history.In recent years,the development gap between the north and the south has become a new regional problem.After entering the new century,our country has paid special attention to regional coordinated development and has introduced a series of strategic measures related to regional coordinated development.In the new stage of development,our country is facing a complex international and domestic environment,with opportunities and challenges coexisting.Studying the temporal and spatial characteristics and influencing factors of China's regional development differences and polarized development since the 21 st century will help to understand the implementation effects of regional coordinated development strategies and put forward specific recommendations to promote regional coordinated development.Starting from the macro background of the new development stage,the new development concept,and the new coordinated development mechanism,this article discusses the significance of conducting research on China's regional economic differences and polarization development.Important concepts such as regional differences,regional polarized development,and coordinated regional development are analyzed in detail,and related research results at home and abroad are systematically sorted out.Taking prefecture-level cities as the research unit,this paper mainly focuses on the spatial and temporal differences of the three components of the polarization level of the permanent population,economic aggregate and urban land from three aspects: total amount,increment or growth rate,and relative difference.In addition,the spatial distribution characteristics and regional differences of GDP per capita and urbanization level are analyzed.The polarization index is first constructed before the study of polarization development characteristics,and it is scientifically verified by fitting with night light data.On this basis,based on prefecture-level city data,the spatial and temporal characteristics of regional polarization development in China are analyzed by using the methods of kernel density analysis,trend surface analysis,standard deviation ellipse,exploratory spatial analysis and other research methods,and the polarization development of different urban agglomerations is compared and analyzed from many angles.In the study of influencing factors,not only qualitative analysis is carried out,but also the main influencing factors in different periods are quantitatively studied by using geographic detectors,and the multi-scale geographic weighted regression model is used to analyze the spatial heterogeneity of different influencing factors in 2018.Finally,the article puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions from seven main aspects to promote China's regional coordinated development.Main conclusions:(1)It is difficult to break through the Hu Huanyong Line.Population,economic development,and urban development are mainly concentrated in the southeast of the Hu Huanyong Line,especially in the coastal areas.Population growth and economic development in the South are better than those in the North,and the East is better than the Midwest and Northeast.The population in the central and western regions has returned to some extent,and the economic growth is showing a good momentum.The population loss in the northeast has increased and economic growth is weak.Due to the implementation of strategies such as the Western Development,the Rise of Central China and the Revitalization of Northeast China,the increment of urban land gradually shifts to the northeast and central and western regions,and the regional difference of urban land area first increases and then decreases.While population and economic development tend to agglomerate,the regional differences in per capita GDP and the level of urbanization tend to shrink,moving towards equilibrium in agglomeration.(2)The level of polarization development is higher in the east and lower in the west,and the north-south direction is characterized by an inverted “U” pattern.The urban agglomerations to the east of the Hu Huanyong line are the core regions of polarization development.The three strongly polarized regions are ranked as the Yangtze River Delta,the Pearl River Delta,and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.The core cities of the urban agglomerations have obvious polarization effects.The difference in polarization levels between cities in the Yellow River Basin is greater than that in the Yangtze River Economic Belt,and the spatial pattern of polarization development along the eastern coast and the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway is quite different.Polarized development has shifted from being mainly concentrated in the east to the central and western regions,and the northeast continues to be weak.The development of polarization presents a northeast-southwest pattern.The northeast-southwest direction tends to polarization while the northwest-southeast direction tends to diffusion,and the center of gravity moves to the southwest direction.There is a positive spatial correlation in the development of polarization.The agglomeration situation first strengthens and then weakens,and the spatial heterogeneity increases.The regional difference in polarization level first increases and then decreases,and the intra-regional difference is the main source of the total difference.(3)The scale of the regional consumer market has always been the first influencing factor of the spatial difference of polarization level,and there is also a great correlation between the level of fiscal revenue and expenditure and the level of polarization.Under the changes in the international environment,the development of the real economy plays an important role in maintaining the stable operation of the national economy.At a certain stage of economic development,releasing the potential of the tertiary industry is an important driving force for regional development.Under the background of the new economic normal,the role of fixed asset investment has declined significantly,and the development of the financial industry and the level of informatization have an increasingly significant impact on polarization.(4)Influencing factors such as highway mileage,post and telecommunications business volume,total industrial output value,foreign investment,the proportion of tertiary industries,urbanization level and population density have spatial heterogeneity in the impact of polarization levels in different regions.It reflects the differences in resource endowment,development stage and level,development motivation and vitality,industry and ownership structure,development path,regional relationship and development environment.Therefore,in the process of cultivating growth poles and promoting coordinated regional development,we should implement policies in accordance with the times and localities. |
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