Performance Evaluation Of Ecological Compensation Policy In The Yangtze River Basin Based On Fishermen’ Satisfaction Perspective

In order to effectively alleviate the decline of aquatic biological resources and the decline of biodiversity in the Yangtze River Basin,China proposes that"We must put the restoration of the Yangtze River ecosystem in an overwhelming position,and work together to protect and not develop in current and future considerable period of time."For the fourth consecutive year from 2017 to 2020,the Central Document No.1 emphasized that“the establishment of a compensation system for fishing ban in key waters of the Yangtze River”and“implementing annual fishing ban in key waters of the Yangtze River Basin,and helping fishermen’withdrawal from fish catching”.It has great significance for the sustainable development of fishery resources in the Yangtze River Basin to implement fishing bans permanently,but mean that nearly 280,000 Yangtze River fishermen must withdraw from fishing activities in the Yangtze River and lose their original means of livelihood.The implementation of the ecological compensation policy for the fishing ban in the Yangtze River Basin has implemented the policies of fishermen’settlement,education,medical insurance,subsistence allowances,pensions and poverty alleviation,and encouraged fishermen to participate in the transfer of production and employment,and employment training,to ensure that the retired fishermen’long-term livelihoods are guaranteed.However,in order to improve the current ecological compensation policy for fishing ban,the performance of the implementation of the ecological compensation policy for fishing ban of the Yangtze River Basin needs to be objectively evaluated,reflect the performance of the ecological compensation policy for fishing ban and the problems existing in the implementation of the policy,to provide reference for future fishing ban in other provinces.Based on the theory of customer satisfaction,from the perspective of fishermen’satisfaction,this paper studies the two regions which were the first places implement fishing ban in the Yangtze River:the Chishui River Basin in Guizhou Province and Honghu City,Hubei Province.and discuss its obstacle factors which influence fishermen’satisfaction with ecological compensation policies.First of all,this paper sorts out relevant literature on ecological compensation research and its performance evaluation at home and abroad,and finds that there are few research literatures on ecological compensation of fishery resources.Second,it describes the physical geography and socio-economic profile of the Yangtze River Basin.The restoration of the Yangtze River ecology and the promotion of the Yangtze River protection strategy will explain the necessity of the implementation of the ecological compensation policy for fishing ban in the Yangtze River Basin,then details the implementation of the ban on the implementation of the ecological compensation policy for fishing ban in Chishui River Basin in Guizhou Province and Honghu City in Hubei Province,investigations and analysis of fishermen’willingness to fishing ban in areas where retreat work has not yet been carried out.It was found that most fishermen are willing to withdraw from fishing activities on the Yangtze River,but long-term livelihoods of fishermen must be guaranteed.Then combining the theory of customer satisfaction and the policy of ecological compensation for hunting,taking into account the principle of selecting evaluation indicators,designing various evaluation indicators,and constructing a performance evaluation system for the policy of ecological compensation for fishing in the Yangtze River Basin.Finally,the TOPSIS method improved by entropy weight was applied to measure and evaluate the performance of the ecological compensation policy of fishering ban in Chishui,Guizhou Province and Honghu city of Hubei province.The obstacle degree model is used to diagnose the obstacle factors of the ecological compensation policy of fishing ban,and suggestions for improvement are made accordingly.The results indicat that:（1）for non-retired areas,（1）78%of surveyed fishermen are willing to withdraw from fishing;（2）The fishermen who has older age or longer age of the production boat has a positive impact on the willingness to withdraw from fishing activities in the Yangtze River;（3）The fishermen who has larger family population or higher fishing income has a negative impact on the willingness to withdraw from fishing activities in the Yangtze River;（4）The education level of fishermen and fuel subsidies have no significant effect on the willingness of fishermen to withdraw from fishing activities in the Yangtze River.（2）For retired areas,（1）fishermen are the direct object of the ecological compensation for fishering ban in the Yangtze River Basin,and their satisfaction is related to the effectiveness of the policy.Therefore,the fishermen’satisfaction level is used as a measure of the ecological compensation for fishering ban,which is in line with China’s purpose of paying attention to the livelihood protection of retired fishermen.The research results show that,it is reasonable and feasible to use the TOPSIS method and the obstacle degree model improved by entropy weight to evaluate the ecological compensation policy for fishing ban based on the fishermen’perspective.（2）The positive ideal solutions of the fishermen’evaluation for the policy in Chishui River Basin of Guizhou Province and Honghu City of Hubei Province are 0.451 and 0.272,corresponding to the general and poor level of performance respectively;（3）From the perspective of the obstacle level of the index layer factors,the top three obstacle factors affecting the performance evaluation of fishermen’ecological compensation policies for Chishui River in Guizhou and Honghu in Hubei are same.satisfaction with government work after the fishing ban（B₄）,satisfaction with the family social activities and social status after the fishing ban（E₂）and satisfaction with family living standard after fishing ban（D₂）;The fourth and fifth obstacle factors in Chishui River Basin of Guizhou Province are satisfaction degree of family income stability after fishing ban（D₁）,and satisfaction with the relationship between relatives,friends and neighbors after fishing ban（E₁）;The fourth and fifth obstacle factors in Honghu city of Hubei province are satisfaction with the timeliness of issuing compensation funds（B₂）and satisfaction degree of family income stability after fishing ban（D₁）;（4）The policy are worthy of reference and improvement in the implementation of the ecological compensation policy for fishering ban in the Chishui River Basin in Guizhou Province and Honghu City in Hubei Province.Based on the above conclusions,this paper put forward policy recommondations from the following six aspects:strengthen the management capacity after fishing ban,strengthen the publicity of the fishering ban work and the guidance of the post-arrest work,realize the transparency and rationalization of using compensation funds,pay attention to the demands of fishermen’social relations and ways to improve the employment of fishermen.