| Ecological civilization is a great achievement formed in the process of dealing with the relationship between human beings and nature.It is an important organic part of human culture and pay more attention to self-construction.Its construction is an crucial and long-term concern for the sustainable development of the Chinese nation,which needs to be carried out under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party and the government,and need the participation of the public more.Public participation is the external manifestation of the idea that the people are the masters of the country and the source of strength for China's ecological civilization construction.Since reform and open policy,the government has actively encouraged the public to participate in the discussion,protection and utilization of environment and resource.The concept of "sharing" advocated by the fifth plenary session of the 18 th CPC central committee is an inevitable requirement for the public to participate in the construction of ecological civilization.Since 2000,the sustainable development of fishery,especially the protection of inland and Marine fishery resources and environment,has become a hot global concern.It is not only a topic of global concern,but also an important part of the world fishery economy,culture,science and technology development.It plays a positive role in giving full play to the ecological effect of fishery and promoting the construction and development of ecological civilization in fishery field.It is the only way for the healthy development of contemporary fishery in China.The basic idea of "fishery ecological civilization construction" in the 13 th five-year plan is to promote the fishery to follow the development path of green,circular and low-carbon.Fishing fishery,as an important part of traditional agriculture,is a traditional resource-based industry,which relies heavily on natural resources and has bad personnel mobility.However,with the formulation and implementation of national ecological protection measures,there is a large number of fishermen will quit fishing,and their livelihood will become an important issue.In addition,as the direct stakeholders of the implementation of fishery ecological civilization construction policies and measures,fishermen's ideas are directly related to it.Based on the theory of public participation and the theory of governance,and using the methods of literature,questionnaire and case analysis,this paper studies on the practical operability and sustainable development of fishermen's participation in fisheries surveillance,in an effort to expand ways for proper settlement of retired fishermen and promote the development of ecological civilization construction.Under the eco-civilization construction,due to fishermen's characteristics and they poor participation in fishery management,it is more difficult for fishermen to transfer to other industries.Therefore,it is necessary for fishermen who quitted fishing to participate in fishery supervision and management.Public participation having great development in China,which show that the subject scope of participation has been expanding and the way and content of participation have been rich.The public gradually involved in the administrative supervision,such as the emergence and sustainable development of "forest rangers" in forestry and auxiliary police in social security.A series of problems occurred in their development process and the corresponding measures have taken in China,which provide a reference for the emergence and sustainable development of public participation in China's fishery.It is also practicable for retired fishermen to participate in fishery supervision by turning into patrol assisting fishery law enforcement personnel to protect fishery resources and water environment.There are some reasons as follows: on the one hand,at present,the promulgation and implementation of national and local laws and policy provides a solid legal foundation.At the same time,the ecological civilization construction puts forward higher requirements on fishery supervision and china's fishery law enforcement officers have been understaffed and heavy duty,which has an actual demand to fishermen's participation in fishery supervision.On the other hand,based on field survey,we can know that most fishermen want to quit fishing,and age obstacle and skill obstacle are major obstacles to their reemployment.So most fishermen wanted the government help them to be re-employed directly,and they tend to choose the industry related to fishing or fishery.Above all,fishermen has its willingness and feasibility to participate in fishery supervision.On the other hand,fishermen have advantage on the emotion and skill over the local fishery,and the practice of fishermen's participation in fishery supervision have a preliminary development and plays an active role in protecting aquatic biological resources,assisting the fisheries administration in law enforcement activities and stabilizing the social environment after the ban.There are some problems such as unreliable source of funds,poor organization and lagging institutionalized development,which make its sustainable development becoming a problem to be resolved.The paper points out the existed problems through the institutionalization development of fishery patrol team in Jiangxi province and Chongqing Municipality,and take lessons from the experience of foreign fishermen's participation in fisheries management and the “participation” in other industry,just like the institutionalization of "ranger" and "auxiliary police".At present,there are three modes of fishery governance in the world,including hierarchical governance;market governance;and participatory governance,and participatory governance contains four distinct sub-types: industry self-regulation;co-management;community partnership;and environmental stewardship.Faced with the rapid decline of fishery resources,governments around the world pay more attention to the role of fishermen in fishery management and actively promote them participating in fishery management,which provide case analysis and quotable experience for Chinese fishermen to participate in fishery supervision.The paper analyzed the fishermen's participation in the fishery management in Lake Victoria,Malawi and Mexico,and summarized the experience of its sustainable development as follows:(1)adopt the top-down management mode and establish a local legal platform for public participation as well as a unified management organization;(2)ensure the stability of fund source to provide basic guarantee for the institutionalized development of fishermen's participation in fisheries surveillance;(3)establish rules and regulations for fishermen's participation in fishery management at the national or local government level.Combined with the current problems,this paper puts forward some suggestions for its institutionalization and standardization development as follows:(1)perfect the laws and regulations about fishery patrol,and clarify its legal status;(2)define its responsibilities and authorities and establish scientific quantitative determination standards;(3)establish uniform recruitment criteria and a unified management organization;(4)attach importance to pre-job training and on-the-job training about professional quality;(5)establish a reasonable assessment and reward system;(6)establish a multi-angle supervision system;(7)establish an effective safeguard mechanism. |
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