| Green development is an important guiding ideology and the main realization path of China's overall social and economic transformation.Ecological protection and highquality development in the Yellow River basin have become an important national strategy in China.Under the new situation,regional sustainable development under the constraint of resources and environment puts forward higher requirements for regional water resources allocation.Especially in the upstream water source areas of the Yellow River,the utilization of water resources should not only contribute to social and economic development,but also give consideration to the production and consumption of water in the middle and lower reaches of the river.More importantly,ecological protection should be put in the first place,water resources should be regarded as a rigid constraint for regional development,and green development concept should be combined with the utilization efficiency of water resources.Lanzhou-Xining urban agglomeration is an area with dense water network in Gansu and Qinghai provinces.The water resources in numerous rivers are abundant,but the spatial and temporal distribution is uneven.With 7.41% of the land,52.8% of the GDP and 44.36% of the population of Gansu and Qinghai provinces are supported.In February 2018,the state council formally approved the Lanzhou-Xining urban agglomeration development plan,and gave top priority to the important strategic positioning of Lanzhou-Xining urban agglomeration to maintain national ecological security,protect China water tower and maintain the ecological security of the upper reaches of the Yellow River.Therefore,how to rationally develop and utilize water resources to promote regional economic and social development on the premise of maintaining national water ecological security and not endangering the water security in the middle and lower reaches of the Lanzhou-Xining urban agglomeration has become an urgent issue to be discussed in this region.To promote the high-quality development of water resources in the upper reaches of the Yellow River,we should promote social and economic development by improving the utilization efficiency of water resources on the premise of protecting the ecological safety of "China water tower".Based on Lanzhou-Xining urban agglomeration as the research object,39 counties in 2005,2010,2015 and 2018 as the year of study,based on super efficiency DEA(SE-SBM)model and Malmquist-Luenbergoer productivity index to measure the consideration not desirable output,water use efficiency of using the ESDA to analyze its spatial pattern,using Tobit model to identify the main factors affecting Lanzhou-Xining urban agglomeration region water resource utilization efficiency.The results show that:(1)In the study year,the water resources utilization efficiency of the LanzhouXining urban agglomeration showed a general trend of fluctuation and growth.Although most regions have not yet reached the optimal state of water resources input and output,there is a large room for growth.After 2010,with the establishment and continuous improvement of the country's most stringent water resources management system,the efficiency of water resources utilization in Lanzhou-Xining urban agglomeration area has increased significantly.Over time,some areas that used to be more efficient in water resources have declined slightly because they may have overlooked undesirable output emissions in pursuit of economic development,and the region needs to adjust its economic development pattern in time.(2)Analyzed from the regional dimension,Lanzhou City,Xining City and other places at the core of the economic growth of the Lanzhou-Xining urban agglomeration have higher water resource utilization efficiency,which is attributed to their good economic development foundation,gradually improved water conservancy infrastructure,advanced The promotion and application of water-saving technology and water resources management model.In the economically backward areas such as Haibei and Huangnan in the Qinghai part of the Lanzhou-Xining urban agglomeration,the undesirable output of discharged sewage is relatively small,which makes the overall factor water resource utilization efficiency reach a better state and achieve DEA effectiveness.The regions with low water resource utilization efficiency in the region are mainly concentrated on the fringe of urban agglomerations with agricultural development as the main factor.The backward economic development and poor water resource endowment conditions,coupled with the limited technical level,have led to a slow increase in the utilization efficiency.(3)From the results of the Malmquist-Luenbergoer total factor index,it can be seen that the slow technological progress is the main reason that restricts the water resources in Lanzhou-Xining urban agglomeration to reach the Pareto optimal state of input and output.To a large extent,the promotion and application of advanced technologies affect the efficiency of water resources utilization in Lanzhou-Xining urban agglomerations.Moreover,the area is close to the Sanjiangyuan water source protection zone,and its new water consumption is strictly controlled,and it is impossible to promote the improvement of water resources utilization efficiency through scale benefits.Therefore,due to the abundant water resources and the utilization of scale efficiency,the areas with high comprehensive productivity index should also pay attention to the improvement of technological level.Technical progress is the important way to promote the improvement of water resources utilization efficiency in the Lanzhou-Xining urban agglomeration area.(4)The spatial-temporal evolution pattern of water resources utilization efficiency in the region shows a clear H-H agglomeration and L-L agglomeration,and this spatial agglomeration gradually increases with time.The areas with significant H-H agglomeration increased from 4 counties in 2005 to 8 in 2018,and the number of L-L agglomeration counties increased from 5 to 7.This shows that the degree of positive concentration of water resources utilization efficiency in the Lanzhou-Xining urban agglomeration area gradually becomes more significant,and the spatial difference between adjacent counties is gradually narrowing.The spatial agglomeration of the counties not involved is not obvious.(5)Water resources endowment,economic development level,industrial structure and other factors have a negative impact on the water resources utilization efficiency of Lanzhou-Xining urban agglomeration areas,and there are certain differences in the degree of significance.From the regression results,the negative influencing factors are ranked from high to low in order of per capita water resources,proportion of secondary industry output value,per capita GDP,proportion of primary industry output value and water resources development utilization rate.The level of agricultural modernization and government intervention have significant positive effects.The positive influencing factors are water price,government financial science and technology expenditure,effective irrigation rate of farmland,agricultural machinery power per unit of cultivated area,urbanization rate and agricultural labor economic output. |
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