Taxonomic Study Of Haematomma And Related Genus In Southwestern China

The lichen genus Haematomma A.Massalongo belong to the Hematommataceae,Lecanorales,Lecanoromycetes,Ascomycota,Fungi.Haematomma is a genus of crustose lichens,and it grows mainly in tropical to temperate,humid and semi-humid environments.The main characteristics of the genus are: lecanorine apothecia,blood red discs,paraphyses somewhat branched and anastomosing,asci clavate,8-spored;ascospores transversely septate to muriform,epihymenium with red or orange-red pigments,K+ purple,disappeared(containing haematommone)or K + red(containing russulone).The genus Ophioparma Norman is similar to Haematomma in its red to orange-red discs and septate spores,but different in its secondary chemistry,Ophioparma having haemoventosin,K+ blue(containing haemoventosin).The type of the ascus apex structure is different,the ascus apex structure of Ophioparma is Ophioparma-type.There are a wide variety of lichens in southwestern China,which is suitable for the growth and development of Haematomma and related genus.It is dominated by tropical subtropical monsoon climate,with high temperature and abundant rain in summer and mild temperatures with less rain in winter.The terrain in southwestern China is diverse,mainly in the plateau,but there are also terrains such as plains and basins.There is a large gap in altitude in southwestern China,and the ecological environment is better protected in higher altitude areas.Therefore,more species can be found.In this study,more than two hundred Haematomma and related genus specimens preserved in the Herbarium of Shandong Normal University(SDNU),the herbarium of Kunming Institute of plant research,Chinese Academy of Sciences(KUN),the lichen herbarium of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(HMAS-L),the lichen herbarium of Liaocheng University(LCU-L)and the ABL Herbarium were used as experimental materials for taxonomic study.The specimens were identified by morphological and anatomical observation,chemical detection and phylogenetic analysis.Twelve species of Heamatomma and five species of Ophioparma were identified,among them,three were new species of Heamatomma: H.parietis,H.rubrum and H.pluriseptatum;five were new records of Heamatomma to China: H.accolens,H.caperaticum,H.collatum,H.fenzlianum and H.flexuosum;two species are mainland Chinese reported: H.africanum and H.wattii;Ophioparma has a new record in China.This article detailedly described the anatomical characteristics,geographical distribution of these species,and provides some pictures.The chemical substances contained in the genus Haematomma and Ophioparma were analyzed and identified by thin layer chromatography(TLC).A key to the species of Heamatomma and Ophioparma,as well as ITS and nuLSU molecular data of some species of Heamatomma are given.The basic phylogenetic tree was constructed by maximum likelihood method(ML)and Bayesian(BI)method,and a brief analysis was carried out.